Prostate, Seminal Vesicles, Urethra, Penis

Question 1

What structures in a male border the posterior wall of the bladder?

Answer 1

Vas def

ampulla of vas def.

seminal vesicle

ejaculatory duct

Question 2

What is the vas deferens?

Answer 2

tube for transporting the sperm from the testes to the common ejaculatory duct

Question 3

What is the seminal vesicle?

Answer 3

the seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen.

Question 4

What are the contents of the spermatic cord? rule of 3s

Answer 4

Contents of Spermatic Cord: 3x layers (External, Cremasteric, Internal Spermatic fasciae), 3x Arteries (Testicular, Vas, Cremasteric), 3x Nerves (Ilioinguinal, Genital Br. Of Genitofemoral, Sympathetic), 3x Others (Pampiniform plexus, Vas deferens, Lymphatics)

Question 5

What is the bloody supply to the seminal vesicles and prostate?

Answer 5

The inferior vesicle artery

Question 6

The vas defernes is found lateral to what artery?

Answer 6

Inferior epigastric artery

Question 7

what is the location of the prostate gland?

Answer 7

It forms the neck of the bladder - so just inferior to the bladder and posterior to the pubic symphesis

Question 8

What lobe of the prostate do we palpate ffrom the anus?

Answer 8

Lateral lobe

Question 9

What lobe of the prostate is most likely to be malignant

Answer 9

lateral lobes - medial lobe is most likely to form hypertophy

Question 10

Where do the 2 ejaculatory ducts enter the prostate?

Answer 10

They enter the urethra postero-laterally

Question 11

What blood vessels supply the prostate?

Answer 11

inferior vesical artery

and the internal iliac vein as well as the prostatic venous plexus

Question 12

Where do the lymphatics drain from the prostate?

Answer 12

they go to the internal iliac nodes

Question 13

Where in the urethra does the ejaculatory duct enter?

Answer 13

The urethral crest

Question 14

What are the coverings of the prostate?

Answer 14

capsule innermost, then the prostatic venous plexus, then the fascial sheath of the prostate

Question 15

What is benigh prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 15

inner portion of prostate enlarges (median lobe) commonly late in adult life - present with difficulty passing urine

Question 16

What cancer is common in the prostate?

Answer 16

90% of prostate cancers are adenocarcinoma

use gleason score to determine severity

Question 17

What is the Millin’s procedure?

Answer 17

it is a prostatectomy when there is non-malignant enlargement of the prostate

Question 18

Where do we look for secondary prostatic tumors?

Answer 18

because the prostatic venous plexus drains into the vertebral venous plexus, we look for secondary tumors in teh vertebral venous plexus

Question 19

What are the regions of the male urethra?

Answer 19

1) preprostatic urethra
2) prostatic urethra
3) membranous urethra
4) bulbous urethra
5) spongy urethra
6) navicular fossa (surrounded by glans penis)
7) external urethral orifice

Question 20

Which part of the male urethra is the widest?

Answer 20

prostatic urethra

Question 21

What part of the prostatic urethra is an important surgical landmark?

Answer 21

the colliculus seminalis = important landmark for procedures like a trans urethral resection of the prostate gland (surgeon doesn’t want to go above the colliculus seminalis line because he may damage the internal sphincter allowing seminal fluid to back up into the bladder)

Question 22

What important structure is found around the membranous urethra?

Answer 22

The external urethral sphincter - very difficult to pass a cathetar through here-

Question 23

Which part of the urethra is the longest?

Answer 23

spongy/penile urethra

Question 24

What is the navicular fossa?

Answer 24

mucosal folds project into urethra from superior aspect of the penis - must be careful when inserting a cathetar not to damage this

Question 25

What is the ridge on the dorsal surface of the penis called?

Answer 25

the penile raphe

Question 26

What are the 3 masses of erectile tissue that run the length of the external penis?

Answer 26

It is composed of three cylinders of erectile tissueIt is composed of three cylinders of erectile tissue; two corpus cavernosa, and the corpus spongiosum.

Question 27

What muscle contracts to compress the dorsal vein during an erection?

Answer 27

the bulbus sphongiosus- it empties residual urine/semen/maintains erection

Also the ischiocavernosus; which surrounds the left and right crura of the penis. It contracts to force blood from the cavernous spaces in the crura into the corpus cavernosa – this helps maintain erection.

Question 28

What is the corpora cavernosa?

Answer 28

important from an erection perspective - during erection there is vasodilation and the muscle contracts to prevent venous return therefore it engorges the penis