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Hannah Neuro > scalp and superficial face > Flashcards

scalp and superficial face Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 layers of the scalp? and what is considered the “scalp proper”?

A
  • from superficial to deep: SCALP
    1. skin
    2. (dense) connective tissue
    3. aponeurosis
    4. loose connective tissue
    5. pericranium
  • *scalp proper is the first 3 layers (skin–> aponeurosis)
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2
Q

what layer of the scalp is a potential space for scalp infection to enter and spread throughout the head region

A

loose connective tissue

**also lets you move your scalp around

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3
Q

what layer of the scalp hold neurovasculature for the bone of the skull

A

the pericranium (lies directly superficial to skull)

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4
Q

the aponeurosis layer of the scalp is a part of what muscle

A

occipital frontalis M.

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5
Q

what is the skin and dense connective tissue layers of the scalp composed off?

A

skin- blood vessels and glands

dense CT- rich vasculature and nerves

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6
Q

what is responsible for holding the arteries of the scalp open and causes lots of blood to be loss when there is a head injury

A

the dense connective tissue

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7
Q

how are detached scalp injuries treated

A
  • *detachment of the scalp proper
  • can be sown back on because of the rich nuerovascular supply
  • the neurovasculature runs inferior to superior allowing a inverted U shape flap to be made on top the head during surgery while avoiding the important NV structures needed for healing
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8
Q

what is the difference between gaping and non-gaping wounds of the scalp injuries

A

gaping - means injury cut through the aponeurosis layer

non-gaping means the injury is in the skin or dense CT layer (dense CT causes lots of blood)

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9
Q

what is the sensory and visceromotor innervation of the parotid gland

A
  • sensory: auriculotemporal of V3 and great auricular N. (C2 / C3)
  • visceromotor PNS: from CN 9
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10
Q

T/F

the parotid gland is covered in fascia that serves as a origin for muscles of facial expression

A

true

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11
Q

what is mumps

A

a viral infection of the salivary glands

-you get a sore cheek because the fascia covering the parotid gland does not allow swelling and therefore causes pain

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12
Q

the parotid duct dives into what muscle as it leaves the gland

A

buccinator M.

*can get tumors or stones in duct and may need to be removed

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13
Q

what is located inside the parotid gland? what are other anatomical relationships around it?

A
  1. CN 7 (facial) [**no innervation just passing] *where the facial nerves splits into 5 branches
  2. retromandibular V.
  3. external carotid A.

**massester muscle deep to it , facial A. and V. run superiorly over

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14
Q

function of occipitofrontalis M.

A

wrinkle forehead

CN 7

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15
Q

orbicularis oculi M. function

A

-sphincter around eyeball that closes eye
*2 parts:
1- orbital : closes eyelid tightly (more outside ring over eyelid)
2-palpebral : closes eyelid gently (more inside ring on eyelid)
CN 7

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16
Q

what near closes the eye? open the eye?

A

closes -CN 7 via orbicularis occult

opens-CN 3 via levator palpabrae superioris

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17
Q

function of levator labii superioris? depressor labii inferioris ?

A
  1. elevates lips to help smile
  2. depresses lips to help frown
    CN7
18
Q

function of risorius muscle

A

draws back angle of mouth to help smile

CN 7

19
Q

zygmaticus major muscle function

A

draws up corner of mouth to help smile

CN7

20
Q

what innervates muscles of mastication? what are the muscles ?

A

V3- mandibular N. {from CN 5 trigeminal }

temporalis M.
Massester M.
Medial Pterygoid M.
lateral pterygoid M.

21
Q

what are the muscles innervated by V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A
  1. mylohyoid M .
  2. anterior belly of the digastric M.
  3. tensor tympani M.
  4. tensor palatini
  5. mastication muscles
22
Q

in the superficial facial, the facial N. exits the _____ and passes through the _____ to give 5 motor nerve branches to innervate facial muscles. what are the 5 branches?

A
  • exits stylomastoid foramen
  • passes through parotid
  1. temporal
  2. zygomatic
  3. buccal
  4. mandibular
  5. cervical
23
Q

what is the function of the sensory part of facial nerve

A

taste on anterior 2/3 tongue via chorda tympani *

*PNS to lacrimal gland for tears and submandibular, sublingual salivary glands

24
Q

what innervates the dura matter

A

trigeminal nerve

25
Q

what does herpes zoster cause

A
  • shingles or chicken pox
  • cause: herpes zoster is a virus that lays dormant in the sensory ganglia
  • if it was the sensory ganglia of trigeminal nerve then the outbreaks of shingles would follow the nerve pattern
  • *V1 is a common site for it to lay dormant therefore causing a breakout over the superior part of the face on affected side
  • *can only get shingles if had chicken pox, so get vaccinated
26
Q

T/F

superiror and inferior labial A. off facial A. anatamose around lip

A

true

27
Q

what anastomoses with superficial temporal A. frontal branch

A

superficial orbital A.

ECA – ICA anatomosis

28
Q

angular A. anastomoses with what

A

trochlear A. right below eye

29
Q

do the brain and tongue have anatomsoses ?

A

no!!! loss of supply will end in ischemia

30
Q

what nerve does cutaneous innervation to the scalp and forehead to the top of the head ? which one does eyelid, forehead, and scalp?

A
  1. Supraorbital N. (from V1)

2. supratrochlear N. ( from V1)

31
Q

infraorbital N. branches from what nerve and supplies cutaneous innervation to what

A

from V2 (maxillary ) and supplies the below the eye down to upper lip

32
Q

mental (inferior alveolar N.) and buccal N. branch from what nerve and supply what cutaneous innervation

A

from V3 (mandibular) and supplies lower lip, cheek, jaw, and chin

33
Q

what is the cutaneous innervation of the nose ?

A

V1 -tip of nose and bridge

V2- nostrils and sides of nose

34
Q

what is the cutaneous innervation of the angle of the mandible ?

A

cervical plexus

35
Q

which cervical nerve goes to the parotid gland

A

great auricular N.

36
Q

What does the submental LN drain ?

A

central lower lip and chin

37
Q

What does the submandibular LN drain ?

A

top lip and lateral lower lip

38
Q

What does the parotid LN drain ?

A

lateral face (middle ear and in front ) and forehead, and the eyes

39
Q

What does the mastoid LN drain ?

A

sides of face( middle ear and behind) and posterior ear

40
Q

What does the occipital LN drain ?

A

back of neck and head

41
Q

Where do the jugulo-digastric LN drain ?

A

superior deep cervical

42
Q

where do the jugulo-omohyoid LN drain ?

A

lower deep cervical

Hannah Neuro (20 decks)

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