scalp and superficial face Flashcards
what are the 5 layers of the scalp? and what is considered the “scalp proper”?
- from superficial to deep: SCALP
1. skin
2. (dense) connective tissue
3. aponeurosis
4. loose connective tissue
5. pericranium - *scalp proper is the first 3 layers (skin–> aponeurosis)
what layer of the scalp is a potential space for scalp infection to enter and spread throughout the head region
loose connective tissue
**also lets you move your scalp around
what layer of the scalp hold neurovasculature for the bone of the skull
the pericranium (lies directly superficial to skull)
the aponeurosis layer of the scalp is a part of what muscle
occipital frontalis M.
what is the skin and dense connective tissue layers of the scalp composed off?
skin- blood vessels and glands
dense CT- rich vasculature and nerves
what is responsible for holding the arteries of the scalp open and causes lots of blood to be loss when there is a head injury
the dense connective tissue
how are detached scalp injuries treated
- *detachment of the scalp proper
- can be sown back on because of the rich nuerovascular supply
- the neurovasculature runs inferior to superior allowing a inverted U shape flap to be made on top the head during surgery while avoiding the important NV structures needed for healing
what is the difference between gaping and non-gaping wounds of the scalp injuries
gaping - means injury cut through the aponeurosis layer
non-gaping means the injury is in the skin or dense CT layer (dense CT causes lots of blood)
what is the sensory and visceromotor innervation of the parotid gland
- sensory: auriculotemporal of V3 and great auricular N. (C2 / C3)
- visceromotor PNS: from CN 9
T/F
the parotid gland is covered in fascia that serves as a origin for muscles of facial expression
true
what is mumps
a viral infection of the salivary glands
-you get a sore cheek because the fascia covering the parotid gland does not allow swelling and therefore causes pain
the parotid duct dives into what muscle as it leaves the gland
buccinator M.
*can get tumors or stones in duct and may need to be removed
what is located inside the parotid gland? what are other anatomical relationships around it?
- CN 7 (facial) [**no innervation just passing] *where the facial nerves splits into 5 branches
- retromandibular V.
- external carotid A.
**massester muscle deep to it , facial A. and V. run superiorly over
function of occipitofrontalis M.
wrinkle forehead
CN 7
orbicularis oculi M. function
-sphincter around eyeball that closes eye
*2 parts:
1- orbital : closes eyelid tightly (more outside ring over eyelid)
2-palpebral : closes eyelid gently (more inside ring on eyelid)
CN 7
what near closes the eye? open the eye?
closes -CN 7 via orbicularis occult
opens-CN 3 via levator palpabrae superioris
function of levator labii superioris? depressor labii inferioris ?
- elevates lips to help smile
- depresses lips to help frown
CN7
function of risorius muscle
draws back angle of mouth to help smile
CN 7
zygmaticus major muscle function
draws up corner of mouth to help smile
CN7
what innervates muscles of mastication? what are the muscles ?
V3- mandibular N. {from CN 5 trigeminal }
temporalis M.
Massester M.
Medial Pterygoid M.
lateral pterygoid M.
what are the muscles innervated by V3 mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
- mylohyoid M .
- anterior belly of the digastric M.
- tensor tympani M.
- tensor palatini
- mastication muscles
in the superficial facial, the facial N. exits the _____ and passes through the _____ to give 5 motor nerve branches to innervate facial muscles. what are the 5 branches?
- exits stylomastoid foramen
- passes through parotid
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
what is the function of the sensory part of facial nerve
taste on anterior 2/3 tongue via chorda tympani *
*PNS to lacrimal gland for tears and submandibular, sublingual salivary glands
what innervates the dura matter
trigeminal nerve
what does herpes zoster cause
- shingles or chicken pox
- cause: herpes zoster is a virus that lays dormant in the sensory ganglia
- if it was the sensory ganglia of trigeminal nerve then the outbreaks of shingles would follow the nerve pattern
- *V1 is a common site for it to lay dormant therefore causing a breakout over the superior part of the face on affected side
- *can only get shingles if had chicken pox, so get vaccinated
T/F
superiror and inferior labial A. off facial A. anatamose around lip
true
what anastomoses with superficial temporal A. frontal branch
superficial orbital A.
ECA – ICA anatomosis
angular A. anastomoses with what
trochlear A. right below eye
do the brain and tongue have anatomsoses ?
no!!! loss of supply will end in ischemia
what nerve does cutaneous innervation to the scalp and forehead to the top of the head ? which one does eyelid, forehead, and scalp?
- Supraorbital N. (from V1)
2. supratrochlear N. ( from V1)
infraorbital N. branches from what nerve and supplies cutaneous innervation to what
from V2 (maxillary ) and supplies the below the eye down to upper lip
mental (inferior alveolar N.) and buccal N. branch from what nerve and supply what cutaneous innervation
from V3 (mandibular) and supplies lower lip, cheek, jaw, and chin
what is the cutaneous innervation of the nose ?
V1 -tip of nose and bridge
V2- nostrils and sides of nose
what is the cutaneous innervation of the angle of the mandible ?
cervical plexus
which cervical nerve goes to the parotid gland
great auricular N.
What does the submental LN drain ?
central lower lip and chin
What does the submandibular LN drain ?
top lip and lateral lower lip
What does the parotid LN drain ?
lateral face (middle ear and in front ) and forehead, and the eyes
What does the mastoid LN drain ?
sides of face( middle ear and behind) and posterior ear
What does the occipital LN drain ?
back of neck and head
Where do the jugulo-digastric LN drain ?
superior deep cervical
where do the jugulo-omohyoid LN drain ?
lower deep cervical
