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Hannah Neuro > Neck osteo, myo, athro > Flashcards

Neck osteo, myo, athro Flashcards

1
Q

which cartilage lies on top the arytenoid apex

A

corniculate cartilage

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2
Q

describe the atlanto-occipital joint

A

C1-occipital bone

  • condyloid joint
  • *ligaments change names
    1. ALL–>anterior atlantooccipital L.
    2. PLL–> tectorial membrane
    3. LF–> posterior atlantooccipital L.
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3
Q

which muscles stretches and tenses the vocal fold

A

cricothryoid M. innervated by external laryngeal N.

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4
Q

what nerves innervates most of the infra hyoid muscles

A

ansa cervicalis
(expect for thryohyoid M. by C1 via hypoglossal N.

*sternohyoid, sternothryoid, thryohyoid, and omohyoid

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5
Q

what are the 2 pharyngeal ligaments

A
  1. stylohyoid L. (styloid process of temporal bone to lessor horn of hyoid bone)
  2. pterygomandibular raphe (sphenoid L. to mandible)
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6
Q

what ligament holds the critical cartilage

A

lateral thyrohyoid ligament (connect the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage to the greater horn of the hyoid bone)

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7
Q

in regards to spreading of infection (relative to fascia of neck) where will it go if it is between the investing layer and muscular pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia (in investing) ? between investing layer and visceral pretracheal (in pretracheal) ? in retrophrangyal space?

A
  1. stops of manubrium
  2. spread to anterior thorax-mediastinum
  3. swelling will affect swallowing and speech and spread to thorax (inferior to mediastinum)
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8
Q

what passes through the transverse foramen of at the Atlas (C1)

A

vertebral A.

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9
Q

what nerve innervates most of the laryngeal muscles

A

recurrent laryngeal N.

except for cricothyroid M. gets external laryngeal N.

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10
Q

what laryngeal cartilage is in the quandragular space

A

cuneiform cartilage

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11
Q

contents of the submandibular and submittal triangles

A

submandibular: submandibular gland, hypoglossal N. , nerve to mylohyoid M. and parts of facial A.
submental: submental A. / LNs/ V.

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12
Q

what boney part of the skull articulates with the atlas

A

occipital condyle

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13
Q

describe the subdivided divisions of the posterior triangle

A

the inferior belly of the omohyoid M. divides it into:

  1. occipital triangle (superior)
    - external jugular vein, posterior branches of cervical plexus, and transverse cervical A. [ P E T]
  2. supraclavicular triangle (inferior)
    - 3rd part subclavian A. and suprascapular A. ( S S )
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14
Q

describe the atlanto-axial joint

A

C1-C2

  • compound synovial (trochoid pivot and planar)
  • cruciate L. (superior longitudinal band, inferior longitudinal band, transverse L. of the atlas)
  • Alar L. (dens to lateral margin of foramen magnum)
  • apical L. (apex of dens to middle foramen magnum)
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15
Q

what are the 8 bones of the skull

A
  1. temporal bone (2)
  2. occipital bone
  3. parietal bone (2)
  4. sphenoid bone
  5. frontal bone
  6. ethmoid
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16
Q

which cartilage is a full ring around the larynx

A

cricoid cartilage

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17
Q

what is the fascia of the neck

A
  1. superficial cervical fascia (fatty layer)
  2. deep cervical fascia
    - investing layer (wraps everything; superficial to other layers)
    - pretracheal layer (wraps trachea, esophagus, infra hyoid muscles, and thyroid gland)
    - prevertebral layer ( surrounds vertebral column, ligaments, and muscles)
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18
Q

the supraspinpous L. becomes wait as it runs cephalad

A

the nuchal L.

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19
Q

what is the retropharngeal space and why is it important

A

behind pharynx and between the prevertebral and pretracheal fascia layers
-it is the danger spot for infections to spread into the thorax and swelling will affect swallowing and speech

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20
Q

what is wrapped in the carotid sheath of neck fascia

A
  • common carotid
  • internal jugular v.
  • vagus nerve
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21
Q

border and contents of the anterior triangle

A

borders: median line of neck, SCM, mandible

contents: 4 triangles (1/2 above hyoid, 3/4 below hyoid)
1. submandibular (split by anterior belly of digastric)
2. submental

  1. carotid (split by superior belly of omohyoid M. )
  2. muscular
22
Q

what causes fractures of the hyoid bone? and what are the symptoms associated with a fracture?

A

usually from strangulation (compression of the throat)

  • -causes depression of hyoid bone onto the thyroid cartilage
  • symptoms: difficulty swallowing, maintaining separation of alimentary canal and respiratory tract
23
Q

anterior / middle/posterior scalene details

A

anterior and middle

  • from C-spine too 1st rib
  • elevates 1st rib, laterally neck flexion (anterior flexes and rotates away)

posterior

  • cpsine -> 2 rib
  • elevates 2nd rib and laterally flexes neck

*nerves are:
4-6
3-8
5-7 cervical spinal nerves

24
Q

muscular contents of anterior triangle

A

mylohyoid M. , geniohyoid M. , digastric M, stylohyoid M., sternohyoid M. sternothyroid M. thryohoid M. superior belly of omohyoid M.

25
Q

contents of muscular and carotid triangle

A

muscular: thyroid gland, parathryroid gland
carotid: common carotid A. , Internal jugular V, vagus N. hypoglossal N. spinal accessory N, thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, cervical plexus branches, ansa cervicalis superior root

26
Q

which cartilage is a incomplete ring around? and what are some of its features?

A

thyroid cartilage

  • superior horn (joins the greater horn of hyoid bone by the lateral thryohoid L.)
  • inferior horn ( articulates with cricoid lamina)
  • lamina ( with tubercles, notch, oblique line, and laryngeal prominence which is the adams’s apple) protects larynx
27
Q

what are the 3 ligaments associated with the cricothyroid joint

A
  1. median cricothryoid L .
  2. cricothyroid articular capsule(inferior horn of thyroid to superior cricoid)
  3. lateral cricothyroid L. (in conus elasticus)
28
Q

what are the 2 parts of the cricoid cartilage

A

arch and lamina
(arch is anterior and narrower)
(lamina is posterior and wider)

29
Q

what are the 3 ligaments associated with the thyrohyoid joint

A
  1. mediam thyrohyoid L.
  2. lateral thyrohyoid L.
  3. thyrohyoid membrane
30
Q

pharyngeal muscles

A
  • superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal contractor Ms.
  • palatophayrngeus M.
  • salphingopharngeus M. (from eustachian tube)
  • stylopharyngeus M.
31
Q

sternocleidomastoid M. details

A

O: manuburium and clavicle.
I: mastoid process and lateral nuchal line
A: lateral flex neck, rotate neck away
N. spinal accessory N. (cranial nerves 11)

32
Q

what are the 2 ligaments of the epiglottic joint

A

superiorly: b/t epiglottis and hyoid bone
inferiorly: b/t epiglottic stem and thyroid cartilage

  1. hypoepiglottic L. (bends for swallowing)
  2. thryoepiglottic L. (lends most stability to keep it in place)
33
Q

how does a laryngeal cartilage fracture happen? and what are the symptoms?

A
  • from anterior blow to neck (sports or compression by seat beat in MVA)
  • causes submucosal hemorrhage and edema (swelling), respiratory obstruction, hoarseness, or worst case is inability to speak
  • **different from hyoid fracture bc no impairment of of food and air separation
34
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle and what are the contents

A

boundaries: SCM, trapezius M. , clavicle

contents: levator scapulae M. , A/M/P scalene Ms. , inferior belly of omohyoid M. , and splenius capitus M.
Nerves: supraclavicular Nerves, spinal accessory N., great Auricular N. , lesser occipital N. ( S S A L )

**L O S S - LASS the - PET

35
Q

what are the parts of the arytenoid cartilage

A 
apex
articular surface (with cricoid C.) 
muscular process (for attachment) 
vocal process ( ligament attachment to make the vocal folds)
36
Q

what are the two parts of the fibroelastic laryngeal membrane ? and what does it hold together?

A
  • holds together the laryngeal cartilages
    1. quadrangular membrane (holds cuneiform)
  • runs between epiglottis and arytenoid
    2. conus elasticus (between cricoid and arytenoid and thyroid)
  • made up of lateral cricothryroid L. and Vocal L. (vocal process to thyroid)
37
Q

what two laryngeal cartilages are important for speaking

A

mainly the arytenoid cartilage

which articulates with the cricoid cartilage

38
Q

supra hyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid, geniohypoid, stylohyoid, and digastric M.

39
Q

what is congenital torticollis ? and spasmodic torticollis?

A

congenital - born with disorder of fibrous tissue tumor in SCM which causes head to look away from the affected side. and a hematoma can from and compress spinal accessory N. and denervate the SCM

spasmodic- adult onset which involves abnormal tonicity of the cervical muscles usually the SCM and trapezius ( causes spasm rotation of neck in ways that show affected muscle )

40
Q

what type of cartilage is the laryngeal cartilages made off

A

most are hyaline expect for

-epiglottic (makes a stalk at the bottom; lies posteriorly)

41
Q

the SCM is wrapped in what fascia

A

the investing layer or deep cervical fascia

42
Q

which ligament becomes the vocal cord (vocal folds)

A

the vocal L. is main one

43
Q

zones of penetrating neck trauma

A

-divided by angle of mandible and cricoid cartilages

zone 1: clavicle to cricoid C.
-great vessels, trachea, esophagus, lung apices
zone 2: cricoid C to angle of mandbile ***most common, dangerous and easy to fix
-carotid and vertebral arteries
zone 3: angle of mandible to base of skull
-salviary and parotid glands

*not all contents

44
Q

when do you have a large or small rima glottidis (space between vocal L.)

A

large: forced inspiration
small: expiration and speaking

45
Q

what muscles are involved in elevation of the mandible

A

-massester, temporalis, medial pterygoid.

46
Q

what muscles are involved in depression of the mandible.

A

-lateral pterygoid, supra hyoid muscles (stylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid), infra hyoid muscles (omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid)

47
Q

what muscles are involved in protrusion of the mandible

A

massester, lateral ptrerygoid, medial ptrerygoid

48
Q

what ,muscles are involved in retraction of the mandible

A

massester and temporalis

49
Q

what muscles are involved in lateral motion of the mandible

A

ipsilateral - temporalis and massester

contralateral-medial and lateral pterygoids

50
Q

what is the innervation for muscles of mastication

A

V3 mandibular n. of CN5

Hannah Neuro (20 decks)

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