2 gross brain and spinal cord anatomy Flashcards
what does cortical mean
relating to or consisting of the cerebral cortex
what separates the 2 hemispheres of the telencephalon
falx cerebri
longitudinal fissure
what part of the telencephalon functions to integrate motor and sensory information and serves to allow communication between the 2 hemispheres
corpus callosum (WHITE MATTER)
what is the function of the anterior and posterior paracentral gyri that surround the paracentral lobule
anterior: motor to contralateral lower extremity
posterior: sensory to contralateral lower extremity
what is the function of the cingulate gyrus? and what part of the brain is it located ?
- located in the telencephalon (forebrain)
- functions in memory, learning, and limbic system
what type of matter is the corpus callosum
white matter
what is the function of the frontal lobe
personality
decision making
motor
speech
what makes up the primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus + anterior paracentral gyrus
located in the frontal lobe
what are the 3 parts of the inferior frontal lobe
- pars opercularis (most superior/posterior)
- pars triangularis
- pars orbitalis (most inferior/anterior)
what makes up broccas area
- in frontal lobe, part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere (usually left)
1. pars triangularis
2. pars opercularis
what is important about the middle frontal gyrus
location of frontal eye fields
function of the parietal lobe
sensory and association
what makes up wernickes area
*in inferior parietal lobe/ left temporal lobe
[1 and 2 in inferior parietal lobule; 3 in temporal lobe]
1. supramarginal gyrus (around the lateral fissure)
2. angular gyrus (around the superior temporal sulcus)
3. superior temporal gyrus (parts of)
*posterior superior temporal gyrus
function of the temporal lobe
- processing/interpreting of initial auditory stimuli
- memory
- organizing/comprehending language
what makes up the primary auditory cortex
- the superior temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus
function of the occipital lobe
integrate/process visual stimuli
what makes the primary visual cortex
- *gyri around the calcimine sulcus
1. cuneus gyrus
2. lingual gyrus
*on occipital lobe
function of the insular lobe
unclear
parts of the basal ganglia
- caudate nucleus
- globus pallidus (medial)
- putamen (lateral)
- thalamus
- internal capsule
what space is between the thalami of the 2 hemispheres
3rd ventricle
which pituitary gland is considered part of the dicephalon
posterior pituitary
posterior commissure separates what 2 structures
pineal gland
superior colliculus
function of the mammillary bodies
recollective memory
where does CN 3 (oculomotor) exit specifically
-interpeduncular fossa between the cerebral peduncles of the mesencephalon (mid brain)
what part of the brain is the medial and lateral geniculate bodies apart of
diencephalon
what is the function of the superior and inferior colliculus on the posterior mescenphalon (superior brainstem)
superior: receives visual information from the lateral geniculate body
inferior: sends auditory information to the medial geniculate body (part of ascending auditory path)
what ventricle is located about the rhomboid fossa
4th ventricle
what separates the pons and medullary parts of the rhomboid fossa
the stria medullaris acoustica
what separates the facial colliculus and the vestibular area of the rhomboid fossa
the sulcus limitans
what is the 2 parts of the pons
- basilar pons (more anterior; has descending cortical tracts)
- tegmentum pons (more posterior)
Where does cortical spinal tracts split into anterior and lateral parts
at the pyramidal decussation (oblique crossing of the tracts on the pyramids)
where does the rhomboid fossa come together inferiorly on the posterior aspect
obex
function of the tubercular cuneatous
ascending tract (sensory) for proprioceptive and tactile information of the contralateral upper extremity (sends info to the CNS)
what is responsible for motor learning
inferior olivary nuclear complex
where do you do a lumbar puncture
b/t: L3/L4
or L4/L5
where does the spinal cord begin
foramen magnum
spinal cord is attached laterally by _____ and causally by ____
lateral - denticulate Ligaments (pia matter than connect SC to lateral dura matter)
caudal- filum terminale (internum @ S2 and externum @ coccyx)
after the spinal cord ends it becomes
spinal cord–> conus medullaris –> cauda equina
where does the fasiculus cuneatus start? where on the spinal cord is it? what does it do? and what separates it from the gracilis in the spinal cord?
starts at T6
lateral part of the posterior funiculus of white matter
upper extremity
separated by the posterior intermediate sulcus (which also starts at T6 and only seen in upper thoracic and cervical spinal cord)
*fasiculus gracilis ascends from lumbar and does LE
where do dorsal (sensory) roots enter the spinal cord
posterolateral sulcus
what is located in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord ? what’s its function?
anterior spinal artery that supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord
in the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ___ and gray matter is separated into ___
white- funiculus (anterior, lateral, posterior)
gray- horns (anterior, posterior, intermediate zone connection)
what part of the spinal cord holds the spinal thalamic tract and the anterolateral system
lateral funiculus (white matter)
where are preganglionic SNS neurons located in the spinal cord
thoracic
-lateral horn
(protrusion of the lateral funiculus)
posterior horn as what lamina ? anterior? intermediate?
posterior: lamina 1-6
intermediate: 7
anterior: 8-9
*10 in center
what nuclei are associated with lamina located in the posterior horn
1- marginal zone
2- substantia gelatinous
3-6: body of posterior horn
what nuclei are associated with the lamina located in the intermediate horn
7- clark nucleus
7- interomedial column
7- sacral parasympathetic nucleus
what nuclei are associated with the lamina located in the anterior horn
9- accessory nucleus
9- phrenic nucleus
