neck blood and nerves

Question 1

what is carotid sinus hypersensitivity syndrome

Answer 1

the carotid sinus has baroreceptors in it to regulate blood pressure, therefore it is sensitive to pressure

• excessive pressure to the carotid sinus can produce slow heart rate , and drop in blood pressure and possibly fainting
• mainly affects older males

Question 2

where are the carotid bodies located? what is located in the carotid bodies ?

Answer 2

• exist at the carotid sinus (bifurcation of the common carotid A.)
• have chemoreceptors to monitor the oxygen composition of blood before it reaches the brain.
• adjusts heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure via CN 9 and 10

Question 3

where does the common carotid originate from on the left? right?

Answer 3

• Left: aortic arch

- right: brachiocephalic trunk

Question 4

what blood vessel is often the point of entry for central line placement or other diagnostic/ therapeutic purposes? why is this one chosen? what is another option?

Answer 4

• subclavian vein via subclavian venipuncture
• because the venous system has the lowest pressure and receives drainage from the upper body
• jugular vein (usually internal) is also used

Question 5

what is the purpose of a central line

Answer 5

used to administer venous nutritional fluids and medications and measure central venous pressure

Question 6

which vein can serve as a “internal barometer” and why is this important?

Answer 6

external jugular vein because it is the most superficial

-used for dx tool for heart failure, SVC obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular LN, or increased intrathoracic pressure

Question 7

where do the superficial cervical lymph nodes usually drain

Answer 7

deep inferior cervical LN

3 superficial and occipital and mastoid LN

Question 8

where do most deep cervical LN drain

Answer 8

jugular lymphatic trunk

Question 9

what does the right lymphatic duct drain? and where does it empty?

Answer 9

drains the right subclavian trunk and right jugular trunk

-emptys into the subclavian V. at the point where the subclavian and internal jugular unite

Question 10

what does the thoracic duct drain ? where does it empty?

Answer 10

drains jugular trunk and subclavian trunk and emptys at the subclavian V.

Question 11

what are the 3 tonsils associated with lymphoid organs

Answer 11

1. lingual tonsil
2. palatine tonsil
3. pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)

Question 12

what are the most common tonsils removed during a tonsillectomy, and what nerves are at risk during removal

Answer 12

most common- palatine. second common-pharyngeal

-removing palatine puts these at risk:
1. tonsillar A. (from facial)
2. glossopharyngeal N.
3. internal carotid A.
(TIG)

Question 13

what s adenoiditis

Answer 13

inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils

• obstructs the nasal passageway
• can cause hearing impediment
• can cause otitis media (ear infection)

Question 14

removal of the lingual tonsil due too inflammation and obstruction of the respiratory or alimentary tracts

Answer 14

lingual tonsil tonsillectomy

Question 15

what are tonsilloliths

Answer 15

tonsil stones -calcifications that form in the crypts of the palatine tonsils

Question 16

what are the branches off the vagus nerve

Answer 16

1. pharyngeal branches (to pharyngeal constrictor muscles and other pharyngeal muscles)
2. superior laryngeal nerve
   (internal branch with superior laryngeal A. and external branch with the superior thyroid A.)
3. recurrent laryngeal N. –gives inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 17

most of the pharyngeal muscles are innervated by ___ except one muscle which is

Answer 17

vagus nerve

except stylopharyngeus M. is innervated by CN 9

Question 18

most of the larynx muscles are innervated by __ except one which is

Answer 18

recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus N.)

-exception cricothyroid M. which is innervated by superior laryngeal N. (also from vagus)

Question 19

what does the CN 12 carry with it

Answer 19

C1 nerve which makes the Ansa cervicalis