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Hannah Neuro > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the external ear leads to external auditory meatus

A

concha

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2
Q

what arteries brach around the external ear and supply the external ear

A

superficial temporal A. and posterior auricular A.

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3
Q

what is the innervation to the external ear

A

great auricular N. (most of helix, antihelix, and lobule)
auriculotemporal N. (tragus and canal)
vagus N. (auricular branch) (concha and canal)
facial N. (spots on the concha)
* V FAG to pierce your ear

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4
Q

what nerves innervate the external auditory meatus and external surface of the tympanic membrane (ear drum)

A

Vagus N. (auricular branch)
Auriculotemporal N. (from V3)
**auriculotemporal does majority of the eardrum

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5
Q

what nerve inneravates the internal surface fo the tympanic membrane

A

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

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6
Q

what is an auricular hematoma

A

blood between the perichondrium and cartilage of the external ear caused by trauma to ear
*of not drained it can cause cauliflower ear

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7
Q

what are the layers of the external ear

A

skin–> perichondrium –> cartilage–>perichondrium –> skin
(front to back)

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8
Q

the external auditory meatus extends from the _____ to the ____. the lateral 1/3 is ____ and the medial 2/3 is _____. and a childs meatus is ___ compared to an adults.

A
  1. concha to tympanic membrane
  2. lateral is cartilage
  3. medial is bone
  4. childs is shorter (completed by age 9)
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9
Q

how to pull an ear when examining with an otoscope

A

superiorly, posteriorly, and slightly lateral

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10
Q

what is an external ear infection called? what are the risk factors?

A

Otitis externa (swimmers ear)

  • infection of the external acoustic meatus
  • risk factors: excessive moisture, trauma, excessive cleaning, devices that occlude ear canal, dermatologic conditions, previous radiation therapy
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11
Q

what are the divisions of the tympanic membrane? and where is the most vascular site? where is the cone of light?

A

divisions: anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, posterior inferior

  • most vascular superiorly vs inferiorly
  • cone of light is anterior inferior
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12
Q

what boney ear structure is embedded in the tympanic membrane and causes its vibration?

A

malleus (lateral process)

-handle (or manubrium) with tip at the umbo

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13
Q

where is the pars flaccida? umbo?

A
  1. neck of malleus

2. tip of malleus

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14
Q

what protects the epitympanic recess with the 2 heads

A

the bone around the ear

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15
Q

what is a middle ear infection called ? what can happen as a side effect?

A

otitis media

  • inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity (cavity in middle ear surrounding the bones of the middle ear) may block the pharyngotympanic tube and cause fluid build up
  • fluid can build up and cause pressure and pain
  • the tympanic membrane will look red and bulge like
  • can rupture eardrum and cause bleeding and temporary conduction deafness
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16
Q

what is a tympanostomy tube placement

A

-an ear tube place in a pre-made slit of the eardrum in order to drain fluid from the middle ear and allow air in
-can be used to drain fluid as in otitis media
-tubes will remain there and either fall out naturally or removed surgically
(myringotomy is the procedure used to make an incision in the tympanic membrane posterior and inferiorly to avoid blood vessels, chorda tympani, and ossicle bones)

17
Q

which quadrant of the tympanic membrane does the chorda tympani run

A

anterior and posterior superior quadrants

18
Q

T/F

severe otitis media can erode through the boundaries of the middle ear

A

true

19
Q

what are the boundaries of the middle ear ?

A

Roof: tegmental wall (from tegmen tympani bone) separates it from dura mater of middle cranial fossa

Floor: jugular wall (made of bone) separates it from bulb of internal jugular vein

Lateral: membranous wall (made of tympanic membrane separates it from external ear

Medial: labyrinthine wall (made of promontory from cochlea, oval window, round window, and prominence of facial canal) separates it from internal ear

Posterior: mastoid wall (made of aditus to mastoid antrum, and canal for the facial nerve) separates tympanic cavity from mastoid air cells and facial nerve

Anterior: carotid wall (made of opening of eustachian tube and canal for the tensor tympani M. ) separates it from internal carotid A.

20
Q

if severe chronic otitis media erodes through the floor of the tympanic cavity, what can happen

A

a clot in the internal jugular vein

21
Q

what is in the epitympanic cavity

A

head of malleus and incus

22
Q

what is the oval window

A

where the base of the stapes inserts and vibrates to make sound
**“opening where the sound will go through to the inner ear”

23
Q

what are the contents of the middle ear

A
  1. ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
  2. muscles : stapedius and tensor tympani
  3. chorda tympani nerve
  4. tympanic plexus
24
Q

the chorda tympani crosses the medial surface of

A

the neck of the malleus

25
Q

the handle of the malleus serves as an insertion for? whats does it do?

A

the tensor tympani M
-pulls malleus medially causing tension in the tympanic membrane
(dampens sounds)

26
Q

the long limb of the incus articulates with

A

the head of the stapes

remember the head articulates with the head of the malleus in the epitympanic cavity

27
Q

the neck of the stapes is the insertion for ? what does it do?

A

the stapedius M. (located in the pyramidal eminence of the posterior wall)
-pulls stapes posteriorly and tilts its base in the oval window therefore preventing vibration from the ossicles
(dampens sound)

28
Q

what runs parallel to the pharyngotympanic tube

A

the tensor tympani M.

29
Q

what two muscles function to dampen loud sounds therefore preventing damage

A

the tensor tympani and stapedius M .

30
Q

nerves in the internal auditory meatus

A

CN 7 and 8

vestibular N. , cochlear N. , facial N.

31
Q

what nerve carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue ? pain to tongue?

A

chorda tympani (after it drops PNS off at the glands it continues to the tongue)

pain- lingual nerve (off V3)

32
Q

contents of internal ear

A
  1. semi circular canals
  2. CN 7 and 8
  3. internal acoustic meatus
  4. cochlea

*boney and membranous labyrinth

33
Q

what is the boney labyrinth ? what is the contents?

A

in the inner ear

  • series of fluid filled cavities in the petrous part of the temporal bone
    1. cochlea (located anteriorly)
    2. vestibule
    3. semicircular canals
  • filled with perilymph
34
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth ? contents?

A

in the inner ear

  • series of communicating sacs and ducts that are suspended in the boney labyrinth
    1. vestibular labyrinth (utricle and saccule) GRAVITY
    2. semicircular ducts ACCELERATION
    3. cochlear labyrinth (with cochlear duct) HEARING
  • filled with endolymph
35
Q

what innervates the inner ear ? supplies blood?

A

CN 8 (vestibulocochlear N. )

  • vestibular ganglion and N. picks up semi-circular ducts, utricle and saccule sensation
  • cochlear N. picks up the sound portion from the cochlea

blood = internal auditory A.

36
Q

what is the space above the vestibular membrane called in the inner ear? what about below the basilar membrane ? which one contains cochlear N.?

A

above: scala vestibuli
below: scala tympani (contains cochlear N.)

*scala media is the cochlea

37
Q

the spiral ganglion arising out the cochlear duct contain cell bodies of

A

CN 8 - cochlear N.

38
Q

brief description on the movement of sound waves

A

sound waves move from tympanic membrane to ossicles in which the stapes with move and generate impulses through the oval window into the scala vestibuli then the scala tympani which will move the basilar membrane to activate cochlear N. and initiate the carrying of sound wave innervation

Hannah Neuro (20 decks)

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