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Hannah Neuro > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

where are the cell bodies of CN 5-10 and 12

A

brainstem

  • 5 ( exit pons)
  • 6-8 (exit pontine medullary jxn )
  • 9 10 12 (exit medulla)
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2
Q

what is the function of trochlear nerve (CN 4)

A

GSE- motor innervation to superior oblique

adducts eye and looks down

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3
Q

what is bells palsy

A

affected facial nerve means you can’t really move the side of the face with the affected nerve

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4
Q

what are the 3 branches associated with trigemainl nerve

A

V1- ophthalmic
-passes cavernous sinus and enters orbit via the superior orbital fissure
V2- maxillary
-passes the cavernous sinus and exits the foramen rotundum
V3-mandibular
-exits the foramen ovale

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5
Q

function of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

A

GSA: (skin sensation) from ear and external auditory canal, and posterior 1/3 of tongue
GVA: (visceral sensation) from oropharynx and carotid body
SVA: taste from posterior 1/3 tongue
GVE: PNS to parotid gland
SVE: motor to stylopharngeus m. (arch 3 )

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6
Q

what are the branches off CN 7 that split in the facial canal

A
  1. chorda tympani (taste and PNS to submandibular and sublingual glands)
  2. stapedius (ear)
  3. PNS to lacrimal (greater petrosal N.)
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7
Q

what nerves exit the jugular foramen ? why is this important ?

A

9, 10, 11 (glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory)

-TUMOR here can compress all of these and causes symptoms of each

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8
Q

what is the function of oculomotor (CN 3)

A

*eyeball and eyelid movement
GSE-motor innervation to superior/middle/inferior recti, inferior oblique, and elevator palpebrae
(visual tracking and fixation of eye)
GVE- motor PNS innervation to pupil and ciliary muscles
(constricts pupil and contracts ciliary muscles (lens) for accommodation of sight)

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9
Q

olfactory n. tract

A

cribriform plate to olfactory bulbs

*synpase in the bulbs

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10
Q

tract of CN 9

A

emerges medulla and exits jugular foramen to pass between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors and enter oral cavity

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11
Q

what happens if you cut CN8? compress CN 8? or a tumor on CN 8?

A

cut: deafness
compress: tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus
tumor: acoustic neuroma can affect facial nerve and cause bells palsy

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12
Q

what is the function of V2 (maxillary branch) of C5

A 
only sensory (GSA)
-sensation from the skin of the face, lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose (line the nasal cavity in nose) , maxillary sinus
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13
Q

t/f
olfactory film can be sheared off at the cribriform plate during a head injury and there is a gradual loss of smell as you age

A

true

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14
Q

what does the blink reflex test

A

optic and facial nerves (CN 2 and 7)

  • afferent (sensory) to see: optic
  • efferent (motor) to close eyelid : 7
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15
Q

function of spinal accessory N. (11)

A

GSE: motor to SCM and trapezsius

TEST this muscles with resistance from assessment

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16
Q

tract of CN 8

A

2 branches

  1. vestibular nerve- innervates the utricle and saccule
  2. cochlear- innverates the cochlea
    - enter skull via the internal acoustic meatus to enter brainstem at pontine medullary jxn
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17
Q

what is the tract of the chorda tympani

A

come from facial nerve before the stylomastoid foramen and crosses the tympanic cavity and passes through the petrotympanic fissure to join the linguinal nerve. synapses in submandibular ganglion and supplies taste and PNS to glands

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18
Q

GVE nerves (organ motor)

A

(autonomics- PNS)

3 7 9 10

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19
Q

how to asses the function of the cochlear division of CN 8

A
  1. Rhinne test (tuning fork on mastoid to asses AC to BC) normally AC > BC; conduction deafness BC>AC; nerve deafness AC = BC
  2. Weber test
    -sound laterlizes to bad ear if conduction deafness,
    opposite ear if nerve damage
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20
Q

how do you asses the function of the vestibular division of CN 8

A

(responsible for position of head in space)

  1. Rombergs sign (balance test with eye closes)
  2. past pointing (finger to nose test)
  3. nystagmus (looking for abnormal saccades )
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21
Q

where are the cell bodies of CN 1 and 2

A

forebrain

2- dicephalon

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22
Q

what are your special senses

A

taste, smell, sound, balance and sight
(ear and eyes are somatic SSA)
(nose and mouth are visceral SVA)

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23
Q

what does the corneal reflex test

A

CN 5 and 7 (trigeminal and facial)

  • sensory (5): touch of cornea
  • motor (7): closes eyelid
  • touch cornea with ball of cotton.
  • contanct lease wearers have suppressed this reflex
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24
Q

function of hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

A

GSE: motor to tongue muscles

TEST with tongue profusion test (deviates to same side as affected side)

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25
Q

what is the tract of the trigeminal nerve

A

emerges from lateral pons and synapses in trigeminal ganglion located in the trigeminal cave lateral to the cavernous sinus

26
Q

SSA and SVA (sensory)

A

SSA- 8 (hearing) 2 (sight and balance)

SVA- 7 9 10 (taste) 1 (smell )

27
Q

tract of vagus n.

A

exits medulla and passes jugular foramen

28
Q

what is the function of V1 (ophthalmic branch) of CN 5

A 
only sensory ( GSA)
-sensation from the cornea, and skin of forehead, scalp, upper eyelid, bridge to point of nose (not sides of nose)
29
Q

an aneurysm of the Internal carotid artery can affect what

A

can compress the optic chasm and affect sight

30
Q

what tests asses cranial nerve 7

A
  1. taste
  2. wrinkle forehead, close eyes, blow, whistle, smile, suck on straw
  3. blink reflex
  4. corneal reflex
31
Q

tract of the oculomotor nerve

A

leaves the midbrain and pierces the dura lateral to the diaphragma sellae where it runs in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure

32
Q

SVE nerves (special organ motor)

A

*muscles from pharyngeal arches

5, 7, 9, 10

33
Q

tract of CN 2 (optic)

A

arises from ganglion cells in retina and exit the orbit in the optic canal to go to the middle cranial fossa (with the optic chasm) where most fibers then go to end in the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus

34
Q

where does the PNS to the lacrimal gland join the deep petrosal N.? what does it form ?

A

at the foramen lacerum
-forms the nerve of the pterygoid canal

-synpases in pterogopalatine ganglion

35
Q

functions of vagus n. (CN 10)

A

GSA: skin sensation from external auditory canal and dura
GVA: sensory from pharynx, larynx, aortic arch, epiglottis, bass of tongue,
SVA: taste from epiglottis
GVE: PNS to viscera
SVE: motor contractors to pharynx, palatine muscles, and intrinsic muscles of larynx (arches 4 and 6)

36
Q

what is the tract of abducens nerve

A

from brainstem (at jxn) it then transverses the pontine cistern, pierces the dura covering the cloves, runs in the cavernous sinus near the ICA, and enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure

37
Q

function of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

SSA: hearing and equilibrium

38
Q

where are the cell bodies of CN 3 and 4

A

midbrain

39
Q

how to test the function of trigeminal nerve

A

V1 - sensation (forehead and nose) ; or Corneal reflex
V2- sensation of cheek
V3- sensation of chin, motor muscles of chewing

40
Q

what is anosmia

A

olfactory loss (no longer can smell)

  • contralateral nostril can compensate for unilateral anosmia
  • caused by head trauma, viral infections, lesions, nasal passage obstruction
41
Q

what is the facial nerve (CN 7) tract

***** UPDATE

A

exits the pontine-medullary junction to cross the posterior cranial fossa and run in the facial canal where it splits:

  1. stapedius - goes to ear exiting the internal acoutisc meatus
  2. chorda tympani
  3. greater petrosal N.
42
Q

tract of CN 11

A

from spinal cord enters through foramen magnum and exits jugular foramen

43
Q

where are the cell bodies of CN 11 (spinal accessory)

A

spinal cord

44
Q

GSE nerves (muscle motor)

A

3, 4 ,6, 12

45
Q

GVA nerves innervate muscles from

A

endoderm or mesoderm adjacent to endoderm

46
Q

GSA nerves innervate muscle from

A

ectoderm or mesoderm adjacent to Ectoderm

47
Q

function of cranial nerve 6 (abducens)

A

GSE: motor innervation to the lateral rectus in the orbit

abducts eye

48
Q

what is CSF rhinorrhea

A

fracture of the cribriform plate (associated with CN 1) causes CSF to leak through nose.
rhinorrhea (runny nose)

**halo sign
(clear drainage separates from bloody drainage and the blood goes to the center with the CSF around the outside

49
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

irritation to the trigeminal nerve or its branches that causes severe pain from even mild face stimulation (like brushing teeth or putting makeup on) and possible suicidal thoughts
-can be from nerve compression or idiopathic injury

50
Q

what does the H test asses

A

cranial nerves 3, 4, 6,

51
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis involves what 3 CN nerves

A

3,4,6
oculomotor
trochlear
abducens

an aneurysm of posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery, and superior cerebellar artery

52
Q

what is the function of V3 (mandibular branch) of CN 5

A

GSA and SVE (sensory and motor)

  • sensation from skin of mandible, lower lip, side of head, mandibular teeth, anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • motor to muscle of mastication (temporalis M. and massesster M. )
  • **not taste this is pain sensation of hot and cold
53
Q

what is the tract of trochlear n.

A

exits DORSALLY (only one) off midbrain and pierces dura mater at the margin of the tentorium cerebella and runs in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure

54
Q

dental trauma affects what CN?

A

trigeminal

mainly the maxillary and mandibular branches

55
Q

a pituitary tumor and can what

A

compression of the optic chiasm and cause loss of vision laterally in both visual fields (bitemporal hemianopia )

56
Q

what clinical test asses the optic nerve

A 
light and dark test (after trauma)
finger counting (after trauma) 
snelles test
visual field test (all 4 quandrants)
peripheral vision 
pupillary light reflex 
blink reflex
57
Q

how to test for CN 9 and 10

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus

  • parotid reflex -9
  • taste - 9
  • gag reflex 9, 10
  • swallowing reflex - 10
  • speech -10
  • deviation of uvula - 10
58
Q

what does the pupillary reflex test

A

optic and oculomotor nerves (CN 2 and 3)

  • afferent (sensory) to see: optic
  • efferent (motor) to constrict pupil : oculomotor
59
Q

what is glossopharyngeal neuralgia

A

irritation to CN 9 causing pain when eating

60
Q

what is the function of trigenminal nerve (nerve 5)

A

SVE: motor innervation to mastication (arch 1)

GSA: sensory info to the face and scalp

61
Q

tract of CN 12

A

from medulla and exits via hypoglossal canal and travels in cervical plexus, crosses occipital A., and enters oral cavity

62
Q

what is the function of facial nerve (CN 7)

A

SVE: (special organ motor) innervation of muscles of facial expression (arch 2)
GVE: (autonomics -PNS, viscera motor)- PNS innervation to lacrimal, nasal, palatine submandibular, and sublingual glands
SVA: (special organ sensory) - taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
GSA: ( skin sensation) - sensation external acoustic meatus

Hannah Neuro (20 decks)

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