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Hannah Neuro > embryo pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

embryo pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

the pharyngeal arches contribute to the formation of thr

A

nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, mouth, and neck

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2
Q

when do the arches begin to form? arches 1-6 development next to what primordial structures?

A
  • begin in 4th week when neural crest cells begin to migrate into future head and neck from hindbrain
  • 1st arch (primordial jaws- maxillary and mandibular) forms lateral to developing pharynx
  • 2-4th arch develop next to developing head and neck
  • 5/6th are rudimentary, or 5th might not form at all
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3
Q

what part of the hindbrain does the neural crest cells of the pharyngeal arches come from? (be specific)

A

-rhombomeres (R1-7) from hindbrain

  • PA1 - R1-2
  • PA2- R4
  • PA 3-4 - R6-7
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4
Q

mesenchyme comes from ____

A

neural crest cells that migrate into arches

**core of arch surrounded by ectoderm and endoderm

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5
Q

maxillary and mandibular prominences come from

A

1st pharyngeal arch- neural crest cells

right after NCC migrate and differientiate into mesenchyme

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6
Q

how is the cervical sinus formed? what happens to it?

A
  • in 5th week it is made by the second PA overgrowing and covering PA 3 and PA 4 (ectodermal depression)
  • it is degenerated by the 7th week
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7
Q

what forms all the connective tissue (dermis and smooth muscle) of structures from the PA

A

NCC

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8
Q

where does myogenic mesoderm come from ? what does it make?

A
  • from paraxial mesoderm

- moves into each arch to make a central core of muscle primordium

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9
Q

where does angioblasts come from ? what do it make?

A
  • from lateral plate mesoderm

- become endothelium of blood vessels

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10
Q

what plays an essential role in regulating the development of the arches

A

pharyngeal endoderm

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11
Q

a typical PA contains what structures

A
  1. artery (from trunks arteriosus)
  2. cartilaginous rod (forms bone of arch structures) NCC
  3. muscular component (from paraxial and prechondral M0
  4. sensory and motor nerves (from brain )
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12
Q

describe what happens to PA 1 cartilage? what is another name for it ?

A

PA 1 cartilage = Meckels Cartilage

  • dorsal part = malleus and incus. the perichondrium will make the anterior ligament of the malleus, sphenomandibular L.
  • ventral part = primordium of mandible. cartilage will disappear as bones from laterally
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13
Q

describe what happens to PA 2 cartilage? what is another name for it ?

A

PA2 = Riecherts
-( plus dorsal anlage) = stapes , styloid process of temporal bone. perichondrium = sphenomandibular L .

-ventral - lesser or of hyoid

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14
Q

what does PA 3 cartilage become

A

greater horn of hyoid

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15
Q

what does PA 4 and 6 cartilage becomes

A

fuse to make laryngeal cartilages (except epiglottic cartilage)

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16
Q

how does the body of the hyoid bone form

A

-from the hypopharyngeal eminence coming from PA 3 and PA4 prominence in floor of primordial pharynx

17
Q

what muscles do paraxial mesoderm make? prechordal?

A

paraxial = facial

prechordal = ocular

18
Q

the muscular portions of the PA’s from what muscles

A 
PA 1 - muscles of mastication 
PA 2- muscles of facial expression 
PA 3- stylopharyngeus M. 
PA 4 - pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini 
PA 6 - intrinsic laryngeal muscles
19
Q

what branch of trigeminal CN does not supply PA

A

V1 (ophthalmic )

20
Q

what arteries are made in the 3rd arch

A

common and root of internal carotids

21
Q

how does external carotid form

A

de novo from common

22
Q

how does distal internal carotid for

A

continuation of dorsal aorta

23
Q

how are pharyngeal pouches made ? what structures do they form

A
  • the primordial pharynx is from forgeut endoderm. this endoderm lines the internal aspect of the pharyngeal arches and pouches. the 5 pouches are made cranioncaudally between the arches, 1st pouch b/t 1st and 2nd arch.
  • the endodermally epithelial lining of the pouches forms the organs of the head and neck
24
Q

what forms the tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum

A

cavity of the tubotympanic recess proximally

from 1st PA pouch

25
Q

what does the 2nd PA pouch form

A

-endoderm of PA 2 will proliferate. the core will make tonsillar crypts, and the rest will make epithelial lining. mesenchyme will proliferate in week 20 around crpyts to make the lymphoid tissue. these will organize into lymphatic nodules of the palatine tonsil. most will be obliterated as the palatine tonsil is developed, but some remain as the tonsillar sinus (between the palatoglassal and palatopharyngeal arches)

26
Q

what does the 3rd PA pouch make

A

-2 parts (dorsal bulbar and ventral)

Dorsal
-makes inferior parathyroid glands (will separate from thymus and move down later)

ventral
-obliterate cavity and make the thymus gland

27
Q

what does the 4th PA pouch make

A

-2 parts (dorsal bulbar, and ventral)

dorsal

  • superior parathyroid gland (chief cells)
  • *oxyphil cells make at age 5

ventral
-ultimopharngyeal body (NCC derived) fuses to thyroid gland and becomes parafollicular cells to make calcitonin

28
Q

what is a cervical cyst

A

remnant of the cervical sinus
-elonagted cyst along anterior border of SCM. not painful. seen until late childhood/ early adult hood. filled with fluid and debris

29
Q

describe thyroid development

A
  • week 7
  • from endodermal thickening of primordial pharynx. will travel down connected to the tongue by the thyroglossal duct. (will form foramen cecum -indention in tongue) . form the follicular cells that make TH
30
Q

first pharyngeal arch syndrome

A
  • improper migration of NCC in arch 1 in 4th week
  • malformation of ear, mandible, eyes, and palate
  • mishapen face
31
Q

Treacher collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dystosis )

A
  • 1st PA syndrome
  • TCOF 1 mutation leads to TREACLE malfunction
  • no ribosome biogenis there no proteins and then cranial NCC will be lost
  • leads to malformation of the mandible, and other facial parts of arch 1
32
Q

pierre robins syndrome

A

*1st PA syndrome

  • malfunction of NCC migration; occurs DE NOVO
  • causes mandible HYPOPLASIA, (micrognathia - small mandible) causes posterior displaced tongue, inability to close palate and resulting bilateral cleft palate
33
Q

what is common cause of thyroid hemiagenesis

A

*unilateral failure of formation
*usually left lob
due to lack of receptors for TSH
(some arch 4; primordial pharynx)

34
Q

di georges syndrome

A
  • thymus and parathyroid agenesis (arch 3)
  • congenital hypoparathyroidism
  • immuno deficiencies
  • cardiac problems; notched ears

Hannah Neuro (20 decks)

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