blood supply, hemorrhage, herniation Flashcards
(39 cards)
what are the parts of the ICA
- cervical
- petrous
- cavernous
- cerebral
cerebral branches off into ophthalmic A, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior communicating branch
what are the parts of the vertebral A.
- cervical (C1-C6)
- atlantic (pierces dura and arachnoid matter and atlantooccipital membrane to enter foramen magnum)
- intracranial (foramen magnum–> basilar A. at lower pons)
what parts of the circle of willis create the anastomotic connections
- anterior cerebral A.
- anterior communicating
- posterior cerebral A.
- posterior communicating
*coming from vertebral and ICA
what nerves are compressed from the blood supply to the brain (cerebrum and cerebellum)
CN 2 - 7 *except 4
2- ICA and ACA 3- SCA and PCA 5- aberrant branches of SCA 6-AICA and IAA 7- aberrant branches of AICA
what is the blood supply to the cortex
ACA- superior and medial frontal and pariteal lobes
MCA- lateral frontal and parietal lobes and superior temporal lobe
PCA- inferior temporal lobe and occipital lobe
what are the border zones of the cortical blood supply? (watershed infarct spots)
-areas between arteries in which are at high risk for damage due to sudden hypotension or hypoperfusion
- anterior (between ACA and MCA) = motor and sensory deficits to LE
- posterior (between MCA and PCA) = vision and language deficits
what are the 5 parts of the Anterior cerebral A.
A1
A2 (infracollosal - from communicating branch to where rostral part meets genu)
A3 (precollosal- around bend of genu)
A4 (supracollosal- above the body of corpus callosum)
A5 (postcollosal) terminal branches going to cortex that DO NOT anastomose with other branches
what are the 2 arteries off the ACA that make up most of A3 and A4
pericallosal A (above corpus callosum) callasomarginal A. (above cingulate gyrus)
what are the 4 parts of the MCA
M1-. horizontal (gives of lenticulostriate A. s)
M2.- insular
M3 - opercular
M4 (cortical) on cortex
what are the 4 parts of the PCA
P1 - basically bifurcation to posterior communicating
P2 - posterior communicating - around midbrain
P3 - in quadrigeminal cistern
P4 - on cortex
what is the blood supply to the medulla
*vertebral A. and basilar A.
- anterior spinal A. [ medial supply including the hypoglossal nucleus, medial lamniscus, pyramids]
- posterior spinal A. [ lower medulla, superior portion including the fasiculus gracilis and cunteuas ]
- AICA - [upper medulla - dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei]
- PICA - [ upper medulla laterally]
what A. is responsible for medial medullary syndrome
anterior spinal A.
what A. is responsible for lateral medullary syndrome ( wallenburgs syndrome)
PICA
what is the blood supply to the pons
Basilar A. and AICA
- paramedian branches from basilar A. (pontine A.s) supply medial aspect
- long circumferential branches from basilar and AICA supply lateral aspect
what is the blood supply to the midbrain
- PCA, SCA, and basilar A.
1. anteromedial paramedian branches of basilar bifurcation and PCA (P1) - medial midbrain
2. quadrigeminal A. and SCA - inferior colliculus
3. quadrigeminal A. and posterior medial choroidal branches - superior colliculus - quadrigeminal A. comes from PCA
- posterior choroidal A. comes from P2 segment of PCA
what A. is responsible for medial pontine syndrome
paramedian branches from the basilar A. (pontine A.s)
what A. is responsible for the lateral pontine syndrome
long circumferential branches from basilar and AICA
_____ infarcts result in contralateral homonymous hemianopia and contralateral hemisensory loss. There may be some disturbance of higher function, such as altered memory or speech or cortical blindness.
Posterior cerebral artery
Occlusion of the _____ produces lesions of both posterior cerebral arteries and high brain stem lesions that may lead to ‘a locked in’ state – where the upper brain stem lesion prevents the conscious brain having any control over bulbar function or the limbs, though some control of eye movements can remain.
basilar artery
what are the terminal branches of the basilar A.
2 posterior cerebral A. s
what causes Webers syndrome (midbrain syndrome) which is ipsilateral CN III palsy with contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis
PCA due to anteromedial branches from the P1 segment of PCA supplying medial midbrain
what is the blood supply to the forebrain
**MCA; ICA; PCA
- thalamogeniculate branches of the PCA
[thalamus; medial and lateral geniculate bodies] - anterior choroidal A. (from M1 of MCA or ICA)
[ optic tract; hippocampal formation; parts of internal capsule] - lenticulostriate A.s (from MCA)
[part of internal capsule]
what artery supplies most the diencephalon
PCA (branches such as the thalamogenticulate A.)
what is the blood supply to the spinal cord
- paired posterior spinal A.s (from PICA)
- posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
- fasiculus gracilis and cuneuatus [ white matter on dorsal side]
- legs of the cortical spinal tract - single anterior spinal A. (from vertebral A. )
- anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
- gives off sulcal A.s that supply the dorsal and ventral horns of gray matter - arterial vasocorona supplies peripheral lateral aspect
* reinforced by segmental (radicular arteries which come from different sources down the spinal cord)
