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RES Biweekly 2 > Sayner- histology of interstitium > Flashcards

Sayner- histology of interstitium Flashcards

1
Q

Helps to give the lung support and structure
fluid balance
tissue repair

A

interstitium

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2
Q

what happens if interstitial compartment becomes overwhelmed

A

pulmonary edema

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3
Q

3 main interstitiums

A

axial
intralobular
interlobular

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4
Q

red

A

red: axial (peribronchovascular and centrilobular interstitium)

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5
Q

green

A

intralobular interstitium (alveolar-capillary)

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6
Q

black

A

peripheral interstitium

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7
Q
A

peribronchovascular interstitium

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8
Q

once the terminal bronchiole enters into secondary pulmonary lobule, it becomes what

A

centrilobular interstitium

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9
Q

interstitium that supports the alveolar septa

A

intralobular interstitium (parenchymal interstitium)

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10
Q

peripheral interstitium (black) is made of what two things

A

subpleural interstitium
interlobular septa

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11
Q

interstitium underneath visceral pleura and basement membrane

A

subpleural interstitium

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12
Q

this interstitium contains lymphatics and pulm. venules

A

interlobular septa

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13
Q

interstitium is an _____system

A

integrated

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14
Q

components that make up pulmonary interstitium

A

CT (ECM and cells)

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15
Q

Extracellular structural network of macromolecules that provides mechanical and structural support to a connective tissue

A

extracellular matrix

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16
Q

2 components of ECM

A

fibrous proteins
ground substances

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17
Q

forms fibers that have high tensile strength; fibers secreted by fibroblasts

A

type I collagen (part of ECM)

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18
Q

deficiency of type I collagen (normal just less of it); affects bones, eyes, teeth, ears

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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19
Q

stain for type I and II collagen

A

trichrome

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20
Q

makes up cartilage

A

type II collagen

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21
Q

makes up reticular fibers

A

type III collagen

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22
Q

makes up basement membrane

A

type IV collagen

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23
Q

defect in Alport—-embryonic form remains (kidney, eyes, ears)

A

type IV collagen

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24
Q

autoantibodies attack ____in goodpastures (lungs and kidneys)

A

type IV collagen

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25
type IV collagen sheets cross linked with laminin form what
basement membrane
26
becomes fused membrane with type I cells of alveolar epithelium and endothelial cells of pulm capillary
basement membrane of airway
27
stain for type III collagen
silver
28
3 fibrous proteins in ECM
collagen reticular fibers elastin
29
elastin
30
reduced amount of fibrillin-1; leading to more TGFbeta release that activates growth factors (defect in elastin)
Marfan's
31
degraded elastin fibers by elastase (mutation of SERPINA1 gene)
AAT deficiency
32
3 main components of ground substance of ECM
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) proteoglycans multiadhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin)
33
repeating disaccharide unit of 2 sugars added to proteoglycan backbone
glycosaminoglycans
34
bring water into interstitial compartment (favors tissue hydration)
proteoglycans
35
allows GAGs to be coupled and linked to collagen fibers
fibronectin (purple)
36
2 main cells of CT
mesenchymal cells immune cells
37
ECM + cells =
connective tissue (CT)
38
(smooth muscle actin) secrete matrix and have contractile component; mesenchymal cell in CT
myofibroblasts
39
main mesenchymal cells of CT that secrete matrix components
fibroblasts myofibroblasts pericytes
40
Interconnected network of macromolecules; fibers, hyaluronan, and anchored to that is proteoglycans and GAGs ;fibronectin allows crosslinking of molecules in the matrix; anchors cells into matrix
connective tissue
41
an integrated structure of cells and extracellular matrix that regulates cell-cell communication, signal transduction, and growth factor signaling
connective tissue
42
extracellular matrix is a balance of what 2 things
deposition and removal of ECM
43
Synthesis of ECM by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts Decreased collagen turnover
matrix deposition
44
matrix metalloproteinases and elastases degrade what
ECM
45
degrade collagen fibers; inhibited by TIMPs
MMPs
46
will release elastase which will degrade elastin (this happens in smokers and AAT deficient patients and causes emphysema); the liver makes AAT and it is delivered to lungs to protect from neutrophil elastase normally
neutrophils
47
due to increase in deposition of ECM and decreased removal
ILD (interstitial lung disease)
48
A heterogenous group of disorders that leads to altered deposition of lung matrix components. This altered matrix deposition can affect gas exchange. Inflammation and fibrosis of the alveoli, distal airways and interstitium of the lungs
interstitial lung disease
49
less need for biopsy due to improvement of CT scans
diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD)
50
only way to diagnose interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
lung biopsy
51
diagnosis of IPF is confirmed by histological findings of ______
usual interstitial pneumonia
52
Mean age at presentation is 66 years. Male > women (1.6 : 1)
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
53
heterogenous appearance (patchy) honeycombing fibroblastic foci frequent subpleural and paraseptal distribution
usual interstitial pneumonia
54
normal lung, interstitial inflammation, dense fibrosis causing remodeling of lung architecture
patchy appearance on UIP
55
cystic fibrotic airspaces often filled with mucin; predominantly found in lower zones
honeycombing
56
foci of proliferating fibroblasts
fibroblastic foci
57
patchy interstitial inflammation dense fibrosing honeycombing
usual interstitial pneumonia
58
enlarged airspaces filled with mucin fibrosing fibroblastic foci
usual interstitial pneumonia
59
usual interstitial pneumonia
60
fibroblastic foci
61
persistent epithelial injury and ineffective wound repair (the driving force is not immune system and therefore not responsive therapies)
pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
62
40–50 years and have a gradual onset of symptoms, can occur in children Cough, breathlessness, history of weight loss Crackles predominantly basal No female/male bias No association with cigarette smoking
nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
63
2 forms of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
cellular fibrotic
64
how to distinguish b/t cellular and fibrotic form of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
no honeycombing or fibroblastic foci in fibrotic
65
lots of inflammatory cells architecture somewhat preserved
cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
66
architecture preserved fibrosis seen
fibrosing nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

RES Biweekly 2 (14 decks)

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