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RES Biweekly 2 > Sayner- histology of interstitium > Flashcards

Sayner- histology of interstitium Flashcards

1
Q

Helps to give the lung support and structure
fluid balance
tissue repair

A

interstitium

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2
Q

what happens if interstitial compartment becomes overwhelmed

A

pulmonary edema

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3
Q

3 main interstitiums

A

axial
intralobular
interlobular

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4
Q

red

A

red: axial (peribronchovascular and centrilobular interstitium)

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5
Q

green

A

intralobular interstitium (alveolar-capillary)

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6
Q

black

A

peripheral interstitium

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7
Q
A

peribronchovascular interstitium

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8
Q

once the terminal bronchiole enters into secondary pulmonary lobule, it becomes what

A

centrilobular interstitium

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9
Q

interstitium that supports the alveolar septa

A

intralobular interstitium (parenchymal interstitium)

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10
Q

peripheral interstitium (black) is made of what two things

A

subpleural interstitium
interlobular septa

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11
Q

interstitium underneath visceral pleura and basement membrane

A

subpleural interstitium

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12
Q

this interstitium contains lymphatics and pulm. venules

A

interlobular septa

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13
Q

interstitium is an _____system

A

integrated

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14
Q

components that make up pulmonary interstitium

A

CT (ECM and cells)

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15
Q

Extracellular structural network of macromolecules that provides mechanical and structural support to a connective tissue

A

extracellular matrix

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16
Q

2 components of ECM

A

fibrous proteins
ground substances

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17
Q

forms fibers that have high tensile strength; fibers secreted by fibroblasts

A

type I collagen (part of ECM)

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18
Q

deficiency of type I collagen (normal just less of it); affects bones, eyes, teeth, ears

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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19
Q

stain for type I and II collagen

A

trichrome

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20
Q

makes up cartilage

A

type II collagen

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21
Q

makes up reticular fibers

A

type III collagen

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22
Q

makes up basement membrane

A

type IV collagen

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23
Q

defect in Alport—-embryonic form remains (kidney, eyes, ears)

A

type IV collagen

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24
Q

autoantibodies attack ____in goodpastures (lungs and kidneys)

A

type IV collagen

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25
Q

type IV collagen sheets cross linked with laminin form what

A

basement membrane

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26
Q

becomes fused membrane with type I cells of alveolar epithelium and endothelial cells of pulm capillary

A

basement membrane of airway

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27
Q

stain for type III collagen

A

silver

28
Q

3 fibrous proteins in ECM

A

collagen
reticular fibers
elastin

29
Q
A

elastin

30
Q

reduced amount of fibrillin-1; leading to more TGFbeta release that activates growth factors (defect in elastin)

A

Marfan’s

31
Q

degraded elastin fibers by elastase
(mutation of SERPINA1 gene)

A

AAT deficiency

32
Q

3 main components of ground substance of ECM

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
proteoglycans
multiadhesive glycoproteins (fibronectin)

33
Q

repeating disaccharide unit of 2 sugars added to proteoglycan backbone

A

glycosaminoglycans

34
Q

bring water into interstitial compartment (favors tissue hydration)

A

proteoglycans

35
Q

allows GAGs to be coupled and linked to collagen fibers

A

fibronectin (purple)

36
Q

2 main cells of CT

A

mesenchymal cells
immune cells

37
Q

ECM + cells =

A

connective tissue (CT)

38
Q

(smooth muscle actin) secrete matrix and have contractile component; mesenchymal cell in CT

A

myofibroblasts

39
Q

main mesenchymal cells of CT that secrete matrix components

A

fibroblasts
myofibroblasts
pericytes

40
Q

Interconnected network of macromolecules; fibers, hyaluronan, and anchored to that is proteoglycans and GAGs ;fibronectin allows crosslinking of molecules in the matrix; anchors cells into matrix

A

connective tissue

41
Q

an integrated structure of cells and extracellular matrix that regulates cell-cell communication, signal transduction, and growth factor signaling

A

connective tissue

42
Q

extracellular matrix is a balance of what 2 things

A

deposition and removal of ECM

43
Q

Synthesis of ECM by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
Decreased collagen turnover

A

matrix deposition

44
Q

matrix metalloproteinases and elastases degrade what

A

ECM

45
Q

degrade collagen fibers; inhibited by TIMPs

A

MMPs

46
Q

will release elastase which will degrade elastin (this happens in smokers and AAT deficient patients and causes emphysema); the liver makes AAT and it is delivered to lungs to protect from neutrophil elastase normally

A

neutrophils

47
Q

due to increase in deposition of ECM and decreased removal

A

ILD (interstitial lung disease)

48
Q

A heterogenous group of disorders that leads to altered deposition of lung matrix components. This altered matrix deposition can affect gas exchange.
Inflammation and fibrosis of the alveoli, distal airways and interstitium of the lungs

A

interstitial lung disease

49
Q

less need for biopsy due to improvement of CT scans

A

diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD)

50
Q

only way to diagnose interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

lung biopsy

51
Q

diagnosis of IPF is confirmed by histological findings of ______

A

usual interstitial pneumonia

52
Q

Mean age at presentation is 66 years.
Male > women (1.6 : 1)

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

53
Q

heterogenous appearance (patchy)
honeycombing
fibroblastic foci
frequent subpleural and paraseptal distribution

A

usual interstitial pneumonia

54
Q

normal lung, interstitial inflammation, dense fibrosis causing remodeling of lung architecture

A

patchy appearance on UIP

55
Q

cystic fibrotic airspaces often filled with mucin; predominantly found in lower zones

A

honeycombing

56
Q

foci of proliferating fibroblasts

A

fibroblastic foci

57
Q

patchy
interstitial inflammation
dense fibrosing
honeycombing

A

usual interstitial pneumonia

58
Q

enlarged airspaces filled with mucin
fibrosing
fibroblastic foci

A

usual interstitial pneumonia

59
Q
A

usual interstitial pneumonia

60
Q
A

fibroblastic foci

61
Q

persistent epithelial injury and ineffective wound repair (the driving force is not immune system and therefore not responsive therapies)

A

pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

62
Q

40–50 years and have a gradual onset of symptoms, can occur in children
Cough, breathlessness, history of weight loss
Crackles predominantly basal
No female/male bias
No association with cigarette smoking

A

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

63
Q

2 forms of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

A

cellular
fibrotic

64
Q

how to distinguish b/t cellular and fibrotic form of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

A

no honeycombing or fibroblastic foci in fibrotic

65
Q

lots of inflammatory cells
architecture somewhat preserved

A

cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

66
Q

architecture preserved
fibrosis seen

A

fibrosing nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

RES Biweekly 2 (14 decks)

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