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RES Biweekly 2 > Fouty- Pulmonary HTN > Flashcards

Fouty- Pulmonary HTN Flashcards

1
Q

mean pressure for PCWP (LA pressure)

A

5-15 mmHg

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2
Q

how to measure PA pressure

A

R heart cath

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3
Q

mean PA pressure > ______mmHg to diagnose pulmonary HTN

A

20 mmHg

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4
Q

sx’s of this include:
dyspnea on exertion/sob
fainting
chest pain/pressure
swelling of abd and legs

A

pulmonary HTN

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5
Q

JVD
ascites
edema
(signs of what)

A

RV failure

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6
Q

presence of loud 2nd heart sound indicates what

A

extra hard closure of aortic or pulmonic valve closing against higher pressure

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7
Q

increased 2nd heart sound
RV heave
murmurs
(can indicate what)

A

pulmonary arterial HTN (precapillary)

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8
Q

gold standard for determining if someone has pulmonary HTN

A

R heart cath

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9
Q

artery that supplies upper lobe of lung

A

R upper pulmonary artery

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10
Q

artery that supplies middle and lower R lung lobes

A

R lobar artery

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11
Q

arteries or veins seen here

A

veins

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12
Q

arteries or veins seen here

A

arteries

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13
Q

blood pressure=

A

CO x vascular resistance

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14
Q

mean pulmonary artery pressure=

A

(CO x PVR)+ LA pressure

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15
Q

3 main causes of increased mean pulmonary artery pressure

A
  1. increased CO
  2. increased PVR
  3. increased LA pressure
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16
Q

clinically relevant causes of pulmonary HTN

A

increase in L atrial pressure
increase in pulm. vascular resistance

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17
Q

increase in L atrial pressure (PCWP) is associated with what HTN

A

post-capillary (pulmonary venous HTN)

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18
Q

increase in pulmonary vascular resistance is associated with what HTN

A

pre-capillary (pulmonary arterial HTN)

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19
Q

increase in _____ pressure ultimately causes increase in pressure in capillaries and mean pulmonary arterial pressure

A

LA

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20
Q

mean PAP>20 mmHg and increased PCWP

A

pulmonary HTN due to pulmonary venous HTN

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21
Q

most common causes of pulmonary HTN due to pulmonary venous HTN

A

cardiac causes (LA hypertrophy or dilation, mitral stenosis)

22
Q
A

hydrostatic pulmonary edema due to aortic stenosis

23
Q

mean PAP>20 mmHg with a NORMAL PCWP

A

pulmonary HTN due to pulmonary arterial HTN

24
Q

primary vascular disorder can cause what pulm. HTN

A

pulmonary arterial HTN

25
Q

pleural/pulmonary causes such as emphysema or interstitial lung disease can cause what pulm. HTN

A

pulmonary arterial HTN

26
Q

chronic alveola hypoventilation can cause chronic hypoxia leading to remodeling that causes what pulm. HTN

A

pulmonary arterial HTN

27
Q

HTN due to what

A

idiopathic pulmonary arterial HTN (see R and L hilum enlarged)

28
Q

this person has a VSD, what kind of HTN?

A

pulmonary arterial HTN

29
Q

untreated congenital heart defect causing pulmonary arterial HTN later in life

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

30
Q

person with congenital heart defect that was never resolved; what HTN?

A

pulmonary arterial HTN

31
Q

idiopathic
genetic
scleroderma
VSD
(what kind of diseases and what can they cause)

A

pulmonary vascular disease causing pulmonary arterial HTN

32
Q

what obstructive pulmonary disease can cause pulmonary arterial HTN

A

emphysema

33
Q

pathophys of how emphysema can cause pulmonary arterial HTN

A

chronic hypoxia (due to decreased surface area of alveoli/capillary and decreased DLCO) which causes vasoconstriction and pulm/ HTN
ALSO destruction of pulmonary vessels

34
Q

restrictive lung disease that can cause pulmonary arterial HTN

A

interstitial lung disease

35
Q

pathophys of how interstitial lung disease can cause pulmonary arterial HTN

A

chronic hypoxia and destruction of pulmonary vessels

36
Q

pathophys of scoliosis causing pulmonary arterial HTN

A

chronic hypoventilation of alveoli and respiratory failure

37
Q

obesity can cause what HTN and why

A

pulmonary arterial HTN; due to chronic hypoxia and chronic vasoconstriction of pulmonary circulation

38
Q

remodeling of vessels due to chronic hypoxia (steps and it can ultimately lead to what)

A

vasoconstriction
increased vascular resistance
pulmonary HTN
RV failure

39
Q
A

pulmonary arterial medial hypertrophy (from severe PAH)

40
Q
A

pulmonary arterial intimal thickening

41
Q
A

normal; no CO decline

42
Q
A

reversible; CO starts to decline

43
Q
A

irreversible; PAP and CO decrease and PVR continues to increase

44
Q

severe pulmonary arterial HTN causes

A

RV hypertrophy
RV dilatation
RV failure

45
Q
A

normal

46
Q
A

RV failure

47
Q

4 main risk factors for pulmonary arterial HTN due to pulmonary vascular disease

A

genetics
drugs (diet pills)
systemic disease (scleroderma)
infection (schistosomiasis)

48
Q

drug for PAH that decreases endothelin effects

A

endothelin receptor antagonists

49
Q

drugs for PAH that increase impact of NO in pathway

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitors

50
Q

drugs for PAH that prevent vasoconstriction by increasing cAMP (decrease in Ca2+)

A

Prostacyclin derivatives

RES Biweekly 2 (14 decks)

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