Fouty- Pathophys of restrictive disease Flashcards
takes work to breathe; that work has to overcome what 2 things
elastic recoil of resp. system
airflow resistance
these 2 things are held at equilibrium at FRC (equal and opposite pressures)
lung and chest wall
pleural pressure at FRC
-4, -5 cmH2O
increased pressure to overcome airflow resistance (why they come in w/ dyspnea bc working harder to breath)
obstructive physiology
increased pressure to overcome elastic recoil of entire system (comes into play with people with dyspnea)
restrictive physiology
measure of lung stiffness
compliance
lower at high volumes and higher at low volumes
compliance
Takes more pressure to get same tidal volume
restrictive physiology
takes less pressure to get same tidal volume due to high compliance in this physiology
obstructive
_____indirectly contributes to lung inflation by creating the necessary pressure gradient for transpulmonary pressure to function and keep lungs inflated
pleural pressure
if the lung gets less stiff, ____ increases
FRC
if the lung gets more stiff, ____ decreases
FRC
defined as TLC<LLN (reduced lung volumes)
restrictive disease
increase in lung ______ leads to restrictive disease
elastic recoil
3 ways to increase lung elastic recoil (stiffness)
increase in tissue content
increase in lung water
increase in surface tension
this is due to increase in tissue content
interstitial lung disease
due to increase in lung water
CHF (congestive heart failure)
ARDS (acute resp. distress syndrome)
due to increase in surface tension
RDS (resp. distress syndrome)
ARDS
congestive heart failure (increased lung water)
less pressure is required during ____ than during _____
deflation than during inflation
easier to keep airways open than to
open them
interstitial lung disease
____ disease can decrease compliance and decrease DLCO
interstitial lung disease
interstitial lung disease
interstitial lung disease
restrictive lung disease
(smaller lung volumes, lots of white, cardiac outline less clear)
honeycombing
pulmonary fibrosis
_____ and _____ run together and are supported by peribronchovascular interstitium
bronchi and pulm. arteries
effective at identifying interstitial lung disease
CT
inorganic (chemicals) occupational and environmental exposure related to ILD
silicosis
asbestos
an increase in elastic recoil in ILD leads to a ____ in FRC
decreased
______ disease mostly a disease of the lung itself
obstructive disease
_____ disease of lung OR chest wall
restrictive disease
pleural effusion
tension pneumothorax on L side
pleural plaque seen on L hemidiaphragm
restrictive disease due to exposure of asbestos
restrictive physiology due to pleural disease
___ and ___ of the chest wall can cause restrictive disease
scoliosis and kyphosis
End stage liver disease w/ cirrhosis
belly full of ascites can cause what
restrictive physiology
pregnant women can have what disease
restrictive lung disease
obesity can cause ____ physiology
restrictive
TLC < LLN (ATS/ERS) or < 80% predicted (GOLD)
FRC < LLN(ATS/ERS) or < 80% predicted (GOLD)
restrictive physiology
_____ can be helpful in discriminating pulmonary vs non-pulmonary causes of restrictive physiology
DLCO
_____ usually decreased in pulmonary causes of restrictive disease
DLCO
____ normal if restrictive physiology due to chest wall abnormality
DLCO
4 main causes of restrictive disease
increase in lung elastic recoil
pleural disease
chest wall disease
resp. muscle weakness
reduced lung volumes (TLC < LLN) with FEV1/FVC < LLN or 0.70
mixed obstructive and restrictive disease
coal miner who smokes can have what disease
mixed obstructive and restrictive
obese person with alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency can have what disease
mixed obstructive and restrictive disease
