SAS 11 | General disease Condition

Question 1

Shock

Answer 1

Failure of the circulatory system to adequately perfuse vital organs

Question 2

Shock is characterized by?

Answer 2

Low blood flow or hypotension

Question 3

There is maintenance of the viability of vital organs and sustain the patient’s life; the body’s readjustments fail to reestablish

Answer 3

Compensated shock

Question 4

What are the general types of shock

Answer 4

1. Primary or traumatic shock
2. Secondary Shock

Question 5

Type of shock that develops after injury, trauma or extensive surgical wounds during operation and massive handling of internal abdominal organ

Answer 5

Primary or Traumatic shock

Question 6

Essential feature of this type of shock is the disproportion between the volume of blood and volume of blood vascular space

Answer 6

Secondary shock

Question 7

What are the causes of shock

Answer 7

1. Cardiogenic Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Distributive or vasogenic shock
4. Septic Shock
5. Anaphylactic Shock

Question 8

Cause by the inhibition of the heart’s ability to pump blood.
decrease heart rate and decrease contractility

Answer 8

Cardiogenic shock

Question 9

Fluid (usually blood) rapidly accumulates in the pericardial space and impedes on the ability of the cardiac ventricles to dilate and fill with blood

Answer 9

Cardiac tamponade

Question 10

shock that is due to sudden and/or severe loss of blood

Answer 10

Hypovolemic shock

Question 11

Causes of Hypovolemic shock

Answer 11

Acute hemorrhage (1/4 to 1/3 blood loss)
Loss of intravascular or extravascular fluid
increase of vascular permeability leading to loss of extravascular fluids.

Question 12

diseases that may result to hypovolemic shock

Answer 12

-Equine viral arteritis, African swine fever, classical swine fever or hog cholera

Question 13

Shock that is due to a sudden severe decrease of peripheral vascular resistance that causes extensive pooling of blood within the venous system and subsequent decrease of venous return to the heart

Answer 13

Distributive or vasogenic shock

Question 14

Diseases or conditions that may lead to distributive or vasogenic shock

Answer 14

Colonic edema, Gastric dilation volvolus in dogs, ruminal tympany, colic in horses

Question 15

A form of distributive shock due to either endotoxic shock or toxic shock, and is often result from a bacterial infection.

Answer 15

Septic shock

Question 16

A systemic manifestation of an acute hypersensitivity or allergic response.

Answer 16

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 17

Consequences of shock

Answer 17

1. Anoxic injury to endothelial cells
2. Metabolic acidosis
3. Insufficient myocardial perfusion causes anoxic injury to myocytes.

Question 18

What is the function of the adrenal medulla as a support cardiac function.

Answer 18

Secretes Norepinephrine and epinephrine to increase heart rate.

Question 19

What does the adrenal cortex secrete? (Support cardiac function)

Answer 19

Aldosterone: for the retention of water and sodium to increase blood volume.

Question 20

Vasocontrictors

Answer 20

1. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
2. Renin-angiotensin system

Question 21

What are the physical examination finding of animals in shock

Answer 21

1. Depressed mental state
2. Muscle weakness
3. Extremities are cooler
4. Slow capillary refilling time (CRT)
5. Hypothermia = Hypovolemic shock
6. Hyperthermia = septic shock

Question 22

Mortality rate of cardiogenic shock

Answer 22

60-65%

Question 23

Septic Shock mortality rate

Answer 23

30-40%

Question 25

General management for Shock

Answer 25

1. Intravenous fluids
2. Stabilize the temperature
3. Oxygenation
4. Avoid giving medicines that dilates the blood vessels such as opioids

Question 26

Management for hemorrhagic shock

Answer 26

Surgical control of bleeding (Priority)
Volume replacement (Blood, IV fluids)

Question 27

Cardiogenic shock management

Answer 27

Physiological saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride) + inotropic or vasopressor agents

Question 28

Management for septic shock

Answer 28

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 29

Management for Vasogenic shock

Answer 29

Surgery