Dermatological Examination Flashcards
What are the primary skin lesions?
- erythema
- Papules
-pustules
-vesicle / Bullae - crusted papules
- nodules
-tumor
Dermal vasodilation causing redness of the skin that disappears when pressure is applied (diascopy)
Erythema
Cases that erythema is common in?
Atopy
Malassezia dermatitis
Microbial overgrowth
Intertrigo
Raised, solid, circumscribed elevations of the skin, from 1mm up to 1cm diameter.
-caused by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis.
Papule
Papules surmounted with a small central crust, may need examination with a hand lens
Crusted papules
Crusted papules may be a sequela of?
Vesicles or pustules
Raised, circumscribed, normally thin-walled lesions containing pus (typically 1 to 3 cm diameter)
Pustules
Follicular infection involving pustules
-bacteria (pyoderma)
-Demodex (demodicosis)
-Dermatophytes (ringworm)
Non-follicular infections involving pustules
-Impetigo in young dogs
- Pemphigus foliaceus in adults
Small, raised, circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing clear fluid less than 1cm
-What is it called if larger than 1 cm?
Vesicle
- bullae
common causes of Vesicles/ Bullae
-Chigger bites
-Pemphigus vulgaris
-Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
Raised, solid cutaneous masses greater than 1cm in diameter
Caused by inflammatory infiltrates or neoplasia with in the dermis or rarely, in the subcutis
Nodules
Solid masses involving any tissue in the skin or subcutis
Usually caused by neoplasia or granuloma formation
Tumours / Tumor
Is an increased accumulation of keratinocytes producing a visible thin fragment
Scales
Thick accumulation of cells within dried exudate
May contain serum, blood, cellular debris, or medications
Crust
incomplete superficial lesions confined to the epidermis, and which heal without scar formation;
- does not penetrate the epidermal-dermal junction
Erosion
Are self-inflected and often linear ( pruritic dermatoses)
Excorations
Epidermis is breached, there is damage to dermal tissues and a hemorrhagic exudate
-Scarring occurs
Ulcers
Difference between erosion and ulcers
Erosion does not penetrate the basal membrane, whereas the ulcer does.
Scales are arranged in a circular or arciform pattern with a margin of crust and/or erythema
Lesion preceding being a small, elevated “pseudo pustules”
Epidermal collarettes
An accumulation of keratinous debris around the hair shaft seen protruding from the follicular ostium or present when hairs are plucked and examined.
Follicular casts
A dilated hair follicle plugged with keratinous debris
Comedones
An accentuation of the skin marking s giving an elephant skin like appearance.
Associated with chronic irritation of and friction applied to the skin by scratching
Lichenification
A visible decrease in or loss if hair coat
Alopecia
are lines or stripes associated with abnormal stretching of the skin as a result of thinning.
-often associated with excess of corticosteroids
Stria / Striae
Is a linear cleft or tear that extends through the epidermis
Fissure
Diagnostic tools used in dermatological examination
Cutaneous cytology
Trichogram
Skin scrapes
Wood’s lamps examination
What are the 3 most important initial steps for diagnosing common skin conditions
- Taking clinical history
2.Physical examination - Flea combing the patient.
