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A level Pe (me) > Samuri - sport psych cheat sheet > Flashcards

Samuri - sport psych cheat sheet Flashcards

1
Q

Equation of Steiners model of group productivity?

A

actual productivity = potential productivity - faulty processes

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2
Q

Three examples of faulty processes?

A

Ringleman effect (less productive as size of group increases, less attention)
Lack of teamwork
Poor tactics

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3
Q

Define Cohesion

A

The tendency to for individuals to work together to achieve their goals

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4
Q

What is social cohesion?

A

The interactions of individuals and how well they relate to each other.

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5
Q

What is task cohesion?

A

The interactions of group members and their effectiveness working together to achieve a common goal.

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6
Q

SMARTER

A

Specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time-bound
Evaluated
Re-do

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7
Q

5 stages of Tuckmans theory of group formation?

A

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning

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8
Q

Define anxiety

A

A level of nerves and irrational thinking.

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9
Q

What is competitive state anxiety?

A

Anxiety in a response to a specific situation.
Can be a specific match, or a specific moment within a match.

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10
Q

What is competitive trait anxiety?

A

When a performer feels anxious and nervous before all sporting events.
Anxiety is part of their genetic make-up.

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11
Q

Define aggression?

A

A deliberate intent to harm or injure another person, mentally or physically.
Can be direct or indirect.

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12
Q

What is somatic anxiety?

A

Anxiety that is a physiological response to a threat.
Sweating
Shaking
Butterflys

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13
Q

What is cognitive anxiety?

A

Comes out as a psychological response.
Such as worrying about loosing or feeling stressed.

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14
Q

What are three methods to find out about anxiety levels?

A

Questionnaires
Observations
Physiological measures

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15
Q

What can aggression lead to?

A

Players becoming over-aroused.

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16
Q

What is the instinct theory of aggression?

A

Aggression is innate
All performers are born with a certain amount of aggression
Meaning they are more or less likely to become aggressive in certain situations.

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17
Q

What is the social learning theory of aggression?

A

Aggressive behaviour is learned from role models or significant others.

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18
Q

What is the aggressive cue hypothesis?

A

Frustration leads to aggression.
But, can only occur if certain cues are present.

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19
Q

What is frustration aggression hypothesis?

A

Aggression is the result of goals being blocked.
Leads to frustration, and an aggressive act taking place.

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20
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A

Motivation which comes from the performer themselves.

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21
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

Motivation which comes from something other than the performer.
e.g. parents or coach.

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22
Q

What is the achievement goal theory?

A

Motivation depends on the type of goals set by the individual.
(outcome or task orientated.)

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23
Q

What are outcome orientated goals?

A

Based on beating others, regardless of how it is achieved.

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24
Q

What are task orientated goals?

A

Focuses on the process of success.
Set against performers own standards.

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25
Q

What is Atkinsons theory of achievement motivation? (equation)

A

Achievement motivation = drive to succeed - fear of failure.

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26
Q

What is nature?

A

The genetic and hereditary features that make us who we are.

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27
Q

What is nurture?

A

All of the environment variables that make us who we are.

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28
Q

What is the trait theory of personality?

A

Personality is pre-determined.
It will be the same in all situations.

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29
Q

What is the social learning theory of personality?

A

Our personality is down to NURTURE rather than nature.
Our personalities are learned from others via socialisation.

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30
Q

What is the interactionist perspective?

A

Combines trait and social learning theory.
Personality is a mixture of genetics and the influence of the enviroment.

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31
Q

Features of an introvert?

A

Shy, thoughtful and enjoy being alone.

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32
Q

Features of an extrovert?

A

Sociable, enthusiastic and prone to boredom alone.

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33
Q

Three stages of Hollander’s model?

A

Psychological core (centre)
Typical responses
Role related behaviour (edge)

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34
Q

What is the psychological core?

A

Our inherited traits that are made up by our genetics.

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35
Q

What is Typical responses?

A

How our specific traits force us to react in a usual situation.

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36
Q

What is role-related behaviour?

A

An adaption to a different response in an unusual situation.

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37
Q

Three parts of the triadic model of attitude?

A

Cognitive component.
Affective component.
Behavioural component.

38
Q

What is the cognitive component of the triadic model?

A

This is how you think about an attitude object.

39
Q

What is the affective component of the triadic model?

A

How you feel about an attitude object.

40
Q

What is the behavioural component of the triadic model?

A

How you behave towards an attitude object.

41
Q

Define the Peak flow experience?

A

The maximum point of performance whereby confidence flows and skills feel easy to perform.

42
Q

Four factors of the peak flow experience?

A

High levels of confidence.
sub-conscious feeling of control.
Clear goals.
Highly focusses on the task.

43
Q

Two methods to change an attitude?

A

Cognitive Dissonance
Persuasive Communication

44
Q

Define arousal?

A

A physical and mental state of alertness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement.

45
Q

What is drive theory?

A

As arousal increases, so does performance
(no talk of drop after peak arousal)

46
Q

What is the catastrophe theory?

A

As arousal increases so does performance up to an optimum point.
At this point there is a dramatic reduction in performance.

47
Q

What is the inverted U theory?

A

As arousal increases so does performance.
Up to an optimum point of arousal.
After this point performance SLOWLY decreases.
graph looks like an upside-down U.

48
Q

What is knowledge of performance feedback?

A

Concerned with technique and reasons why the skill was successful.
Useful for beginners and somewhat useful for experts.

49
Q

What is knowledge of results feedback?

A

Concerned with the outcome and gives indication whether the skill was successful.
Useful for experts, can be de-motivating for beginners.

50
Q

Positive feedback?

A

What was good - praise and encouragement
Useful for beginners and somewhat for experts.

51
Q

Negative feedback?

A

Error and correction what is going wrong.
Useful for experts, de-motivating for beginners.

52
Q

+ - of manual guidance?

A

+ builds confidence.
- performer may become dependant on the support.

53
Q

+ - of mechanical guidance?

A

+ reduces fear and anxiety.
- Might not be possible for all sports.

54
Q

+ - of visual guidance?

A

+ Useful for beginners who have never seen the skill.
- The demo must be accurate.

55
Q

+ - of verbal guidance?

A

+ can give more technical information.
- Not all information might be taken in.

56
Q

Three stages of learning?

A

Cognitive.
Associative.
Autonomous.

57
Q

Factors of the cognitive stage?

A

Learn through observation and instruction.
Demonstrations help create mental image.
Rely on extrinsic feedback.

58
Q

Factors of the Associative stage?

A

Practising and improving through trial and error.
Longest period.
Skill becomes Habitual (motor learned)
begins to use intrinsic feedback.

59
Q

Factors of the Autonomous stage?

A

Skill is habitual and automatic
Performed with high levels of consistency.
Feedback rapid and largely intrinsic.

60
Q

Who is the theorist for Observational learning?

A

Bandura.

61
Q

Four stages of observational learning?

A

replicate the skills shown by others.
Attention.
Motivation.
Motor-production.
Retention.

62
Q

Who is the theorist for Insight learning?

A

Gestalt.

63
Q

What is done in insight learning?

A

Performers uses existing knowledge to overcome a challenging situation.
Uses their own cognitive process.

64
Q

Who is the theorist for Operant conditioning?

A

Skinner.

65
Q

What happens in operant conditioning?

A

Rewards and punishments used as positive and negative reinforcements.
To strengthen or weaken the stimulus-response bond.
Encourages change through trial and error.

66
Q

Who is the theorist for Social Development theory?

A

Vygotsky.

67
Q

What happens in the social development theory?

A

Learning by building on what is already known.
what i can do?
What i can do with help?
What can i not do yet?

68
Q

What is the whole practise method?

A

Skill in its entirety without breaking it down.
Used by experts.
Used to teach discrete, highly-organised and self-paced skills.
Links the skill FLUENTLY.

69
Q

What is the progressive part practise method?

A

Adding each part of the skill gradually.
Used by beginners (cognitive stage).
Used to teach serial, complex, lowly-organised and externally paced skills.
Reduces risk of injury.
Keeps motivation high.
Only appropriate for some sports.

70
Q

What is the Whole-part-whole method?

A

Performs the whole skill.
Isolates individual parts for improvement.
Perform whole skill again.
Used by beginners and experts.
Used for Serial and complex skills.
Effective, but time consuming.

71
Q

What is massed practise?

A

Skill is practised until learned, without a break.
Good for elite performers to create motor programmes quickly.
Can lead to injury (repetitive use of same muscles).

72
Q

What is Distributed practise?

A

Skill is practised lots of sessions with rest.
Gets feedback.
Reduces boredom.
Progress can be slow and demotivating.

73
Q

What is Variable practise?

A

Skill is practised in a variety of situations so it can be adapted.
Good for open Skills
Good for build up to games
May not develop motor programme.

74
Q

What is mental practise?

A

A performer imagines themself taking part in a particular skill.
Build confidence and reduce anxiety.
Used without training can cause anxiety.

75
Q

What is a discrete skill?

A

Clear beginning and end.

76
Q

What is a serial skill?

A

Lots of discrete skills in order to make more integrated movement.

77
Q

What is a continuous skill?

A

No clear beginning and end.

78
Q

What is an open skill?

A

Performed in a variable and unpredictable environment.

79
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

Performed in a stable and predictable environment - can be planned.

80
Q

What is a basic skill?

A

Player finds easy and needs little concentration.

81
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

Requires full concentration.

82
Q

What is a high organisation skill?

A

Has more complicated phases - difficult to learn seperately.

83
Q

What is a low organisation skill?

A

Clear, simple phases - easily broken down and learned.

84
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

Uses large muscle groups which don’t need to be precise.

85
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

uses smaller muscle groups which are more intricate and must be more precise.

86
Q

What is a self-paced skill?

A

Performer controls the start and speed of skill.

87
Q

What is an externally-paced skill?

A

Performer has no control over start or speed of the skill.

88
Q

What is a positive skill transfer?

A

Learning of one skill helps the learning of another.

89
Q

What is a negative skill transfer?

A

Learning of one skill HINDERS the learning of another.

90
Q

What is a zero transfer?

A

Learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another.

91
Q

What is bilateral transfer?

A

Learning of one skill is passed across the body, from one limb to another.

A level Pe (me) (8 decks)

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