Chunk PE revision Flashcards
What % does the PP of oxygen drop when you get to the altitude of 5000m?
50%
What is the minimum height for altitude training?
2500m
What does the drop in PP of oxygen lead to?
A reduction in the diffusion gradient of oxygen between the air and the lungs, and the alveoli and blood.
What does this diffusion gradient between the air and lungs mean?
Not as much oxygen diffuses into the blood, so haemoglobin is not fully saturated with oxygen.
What does un-fully saturated haemoglobin lead to?
Less oxygen being delivered to working muscles.
What does less oxygen at working muscles mean?
Reduction in aerobic performance and Vo2 max.
Quicker onset of anaerobic respiration - LA build up
4 advantages of altitude trining?
Increase no of RBC’s
Increased Conc. of haemoglobin
Increase in capillarization
Increase in lactate tolerance
5 disadvantages of altitude training?
Difficult to train at high intensity with less o2.
Altitude sickness
Benefits lost quickly when returning to sea level.
Homesickness
Expensive
What is Indirect Calorimetry?
Technique that provides an accurate estimate of energy expenditure through gas exchange.
What does Indirect Calorimetry measure?
How much CO2 is produced, and how much O2 is produced during rest and aerobic exercise.
What can Indirect Calorimetry be used to find?
The main substrate being used, fat or carbohydrate.
benefit of indirect calorimetry?
Gives a calculation of VO2 (O2 consumption)
And VO2 max (max rate of O2 consumption)
Negatives of Indirect Calorimetry?
Cannot be used for all sports.
Gas leaks are common
Can be uncomfortable
What does lactate sampling involve?
Taking a small blood sample from the ear or fingertip, to see how much lactate is present in blood.
What are lactate measurements used for?
Used amongst elite performers to monitor training and predict performance.
What else can the measurements be used for?
Measures the exercise intensity at which lactate threshold occurs (when the level of lactate in blood reach a certain level).
If results show a lower lactate level at the same intensity of exercise, it shows the performer has…
Increased peak speed/power.
Lengthened time to exhaustion.
Improved recovery heart rate.
A higher lactate threshold.
EPOC meaning?
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.
EPOC definition?
The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery, and above that which would have been consumed at rest during the same time.
What is the fast component of EPOC called?
The alactacid component.
What is the slow component called?
The lactacid component.
What 2 things happen in the fast component of EPOC?
restoration of ATP and phosphocreatine stores.
Re-saturation of myoglobin with O2
In the fast component, how much PC is restored in 30s?
50%
in the fast component, how long does it take to completely restore PC stores?
2-3 minutes
in the fast component, how much O2 does it take to completely restore PC stores?
3 litres
in the fast component, how long does it take to restore myoglobin with O2?
up to 2 minutes.
How much O2 does it take to restore myoglobin?
0.5 litres
What 2 things happen in the slow component of EPOC?
Removal of lactic acid.
Replenishment of glycogen.
How long does the lactacid component of EPOC take?
Over an hour
What factors influence the time of the slow component of EPOC?
Duration and Intensity of the exercise.
How much O2 does the lactacid component use?
4-6 litres
When is the best time to eat in order to restore muscle glycogen?
1-3 hours from finishing exercise.
What does the carbo-window entail?
Eating a high carbohydrate meal within 20 minutes of finishing exercise.
How is lactic acid removed from the body? (4 ways)
Through sweat and urine.
Converted into Protein.
Converted into Pyruvic Acid.
Converted into glycogen.
