Samuel & Bryant - (Conservation)

Question 0

What does Piaget believe are the stages of children’s development?

Answer 0

Sensory motor - 0-18months
Pre-Operational - 18months-17yrs
Concrete operational - 7-12yrs
Formal operational stage - 12+

Question 1

What approach was Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 1

Developmental

Question 2

What was Piaget’s sensory motor stage?

Answer 2

The child is learning to match their senses to what they can do

Question 3

What was Piaget’s pre-operational stage?

Answer 3

The child is learning to use symbolism and language in particular

Question 4

What was Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage?

Answer 4

Child is able to use complex mental operations but is still limited in a number of ways

Question 5

What was Piaget’s formal operational stage?

Answer 5

Most sophisticated stage of thinking and is mainly governed by formal logic

Question 6

How many questions were used in Piaget’s conservation task?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Why was Piaget’s conservation task argued against?

Answer 7

As two questions were asked, the child may think that their first answer was wrong and so they should change their answer in the second question

Question 8

How many questions did Rose & Blanks conservation task have?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What was the aim of Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 9

To investigate whether children under the age of 7/8 are able to understand conservation. It was previously claimed they can’t but by flawed methods

Question 10

What is conservation mentioned within the Samuel & Bryant study?

Answer 10

The ability to distinguish between reality and appearance

Question 11

When did Rose & Blank ask their question to the participants in relation to the transformation?

Answer 11

After the transformation

Question 12

What were the conditions within the procedure for Samuel & Bryant?

Answer 12

Standard Condition ( Piaget )
One question Condition (Rose & Blank)
Fixed Array Condition (Control)

Question 13

What was the procedure of the fixed array control of Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 13

Children in this condition only saw post-transformation of the tasks and asked whether the two were the same mass/number/volume

Question 14

Why was there a fixed array control within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 14

To check whether children took the transformation into consideration.

Question 15

Who were the participants within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 15

252 boys and girls aged 5-8.5yrs from Devon,England

Question 16

What were the age groups which the participants were divided into in Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 16

5.3,6.3,7.3 and 8.3years old (mean age)

Question 17

How many participants were within each condition of Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 17

21

Question 18

How many trials did each partisans partake in within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 18

12 trials (4 trials in each of 3 conditions)

Question 19

What were the materials used in Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 19

Plasticine cylinder, counters and glasses of water

Question 20

What were the trials included within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 20

Equal Trial: quantities before and after transformation were the same
Unequal Trial: quantities before and after transformation were different

Question 21

What was the mass task that participants within Samuel & Bryants study had to do?

Answer 21

2 cylinders to start with - 1 is squished to look like a pancake

Question 22

What was the numbers task that participants within Samuel & Bryants study had to do?

Answer 22

Equal length row of counters arranged - one row was then spread out to look longer

Question 23

What was the volume task that participants within Samuel & Bryants study had to do?

Answer 23

Two identical cups of water - one fat and short cup of water is poured into a long,thin glass to look like there’s more water contained

Question 24

What were the results of the conditions within Samuel & Bryant?

Answer 24

Children made the most mistakes on the control task with the one question task having the least amount of errors - shows children use information pre-transformation to make there decision

Question 25

What were the results of the age within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 25

The older the participant, the less errors made

Question 26

What were the results of the materials within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 26

Children made fewest errors on the number task while most on the volume task

Question 27

What were the results of the differing trials within Samuel & Bryants study?

Answer 27

There were no differences found - results of these conditions were combined

Question 28

What did the results of Samuel & Bryants study show?

Answer 28

That Piaget’s results may be partly due to children being asked two questions compared to being unable to conserve