Dement And Kleitman - (Sleep And Dreaming) Flashcards
What was the aim of Dement & Kleitman’s study?
- What dreams people recall when awoken in either REM or NREM sleep
- Subjects dream duration and the length of eye movements
- Whether eye movements during REM sleep represent the dream
What approach does Dement & Kleitmans study cover?
Physiological
Who were the participants with Dement & Kleitman’s study?
7 American males and 2 females
5 were studied intensively while the other 4 were used to validate results
What was the sleep laboratory used within the procedure for Dement & Kleitman’s study?
The participant reported to the sleep laboratory just before their usual bedtime
They had been told to eat normally but abstain from drinking alcohol or caffeine drinks
How did Dement & Kleitmans procedure record eye and brain patterns?
Electrodes were attached to participants eyes and scalp to record EOG & EEG.
The recordings were made continuously throughout the night.
How did Dement & Kleitman wake up participants in their study?
Investigators used various methods of different patterns to wake up participants e.g. Participant told he would awaken when in REM sleep but actually was awoken both in NREM & REM sleep
•never told whether they were displaying REM activity when awoken
•Also awoken if they had eye movements for at least 1 minute
How was data collected in Dement & Kleitmans study?
Participant spoke into recording machine when awoken.
• whether they had been dreaming
• content of dream
• duration of dream. Either. 5 or 15 mins
What were the results on the general occurs nice of REM activity in Dement & Kleitmans study?
- all participants had REM activity every night
- REM activity meant a fast EEG pattern
- No REM activity occurred during the onset of sleep
What were the three approaches used to establish the link between REM and dreams in Dement & Kleitmans study?
REM vs NREM recall
Length of REM and dream duration estimates
Eye movement patterns and visual imagery of the dream
What results are there from REM vs NREM recall in Dement & Kleitmans study?
•More dream recall occurred during REM sleep compared to NREM sleep
What results are there for the length of REM and dream duration estimates in Dement & Kleitmans study?
When participants were asked the duration of their dream between 5 or 15mins, participants guessed correctly in 80%+ of the time
What were the results of the Eye movement patterns and visual imagery of the dream in Dement & Kleitmans study?
Eye Movements corresponded with eye movements during the dream.
•Mainly vertical - standing at bottom off cliff and looking at climbers
•Mainly horizontal - two people throwing tomatoes each other
•Both vertical and horizontal - fighting with someone
•no movement - looking at something in the distance
What is the conclusion of Dements & Kleitmans study?
An objective measurement of dreaming May be accomplished by recording REM’s during sleep
