Loftus & Palmer - (Eyewitness testimony)

Question 0

What is the context of Loftus & Palmers study?

Answer 0

Air Force personnel guessed the speed of a car going 12mph between 10-50mph.

Question 1

What approach is Loftus & Palmer?

Answer 1

Cognitive

Question 2

What is the aim of Loftus & Palmer?

Answer 2

2 aims
1st - To see the effect of leading questions on the accuracy of memory
2nd - Does the critical word change a persons subsequent memory of the event they witnessed

Question 3

How many participants were in Loftus & Palmers first experiment?

Answer 3

45 American students

Question 4

What was the procedure of Loftus & Palmers 1st experiment?

Answer 4

Shown 7 clips of different driver accidents
After each clip participants were given questionnaire with one critical question of ‘How fast were the cars going when they ‘’ each other?’

Question 5

What were the critical words in Loftus & Palmers first experiment?

Answer 5

Hit, Collided, Bumped, Contacted, Smashed

Question 6

What verb in Loftus & Palmers 1st experiment has the highest speed estimate?

Answer 6

Smashed

Question 7

What critical word has the slowest speed estimate of Loftus & Palmers 1st experiment?

Answer 7

Contacted

Question 8

What were the speeds of the highest and lowest critical words in Loftus & Palmers 1st experiment?

Answer 8

40.8 and 31.8

Question 9

What conclusion was drawn from Loftus & Palmers 1st experiment?

Answer 9

The form of question can have a significant effect on a witness’ answer to the question

Question 10

What were the two explanations proposed by Loftus & Palmer on their 1st experiments results

Answer 10

Response - Bias factors

Memory representation is altered

Question 11

What was the aim of Loftus & Palmers 2nd experiment?

Answer 11

To see if leading questions simply create a response - bias or if they alter a persons memory representation

Question 12

How many participants did Loftus & Palmer have in their 2nd experiment?

Answer 12

A new group of 150 American students

Question 13

What was the procedure of Loftus & Palmers 2nd experiment?

Answer 13

Participants shown 1min film containing a 4 sec multiple car accident
They were then asked question including ‘How fast were the cars going when they ‘’ into each other?
One week later they were recalled and asked further questions including ‘Did you see any broken glass?’

Question 14

What were the 3 groups in Loftus & Palmers 2nd experiment?

Answer 14

Smashed, Hit and Control group

Question 15

What were the results of part 1 of the 2nd experiment for Loftus & Palmer?

Answer 15

Smashed group gave a significantly higher speed estimate than the hit group

Question 16

What were the speed estimates of the Smashed and Hit groups in Part 1 of the 2nd experiment by Loftus & Palmer?

Answer 16

10.46 & 8

Question 17

What were the results of Loftus & Palmers 2nd experiment Part 2?

Answer 17

Smashed had the highest proportion of yes answers compared to Hit while the control group had the lowest amount of yes answers

Question 18

What was concluded from Loftus & Palmers study on eyewitness testimonies?

Answer 18

Leading questions can alter memory and not just the response to memory through response - bias

Question 19

What were the afters of Loftus & Palmer?

Answer 19

Misidentification can be proven by the results from this study