Saliva Flashcards
What is the primary IMMUNOGLOBULIN found in SALIVA?
sIgA
Main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions:
- tears
- saliva
- sweat
- colostrum
- secretions from the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE in protecting the intestinal epithelium from enteric toxins and pathogenic microorganisms.
Composed of two IgA molecules (dimeric IgA), a joining protein (J chain), and a secretory component.
The dimeric IgA-J chain complex is produced by B lymphocytes in the submucosal tissues.
The secretory component is produced by mucosal epithelial cells and acts as a receptor for dimeric IgA.
What is the primary BUFFER in SALIVA?
Buffer solutions are solutions that maintain an approximately constant pH when small amounts of either acid or base are added or when the solution is diluted.
In other words, buffers are resistant to changes in pH.
The carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer is the major buffer in stimulated saliva, with BICARBONATE acting mainly to neutralize acids produced by bacteria when they digest sugars in the mouth or acids from the stomach. The concentration of the bicarbonate ion depends largely on the salivary FLOW RATE.
The concentration of bicarbonate is determined by the stimulation of saliva and by carbonic anhydrase VI (secreted by the serous acinar cells in the parotid and submandibular glands).
The pH of the oral cavity is maintained at about 6.3 to ensure the maintenance of the integrity of the tooth structure. Once food is in the mouth, two important events occur: (1) Drop in pH (2) Rise in bicarbonate concentration
What is the normal PH for saliva?
The normal pH range for saliva is 6.2 to 7.6.
Food and drink change the pH level of saliva. For example, bacteria in your mouth break down the carbohydrates you consume, releasing LACTIC acid, BUTYRIC acid, and ASPARTIC acid.
What is the DENTAL PELLICLE?
When does it form?
a PROTEIN FILM that forms on the surface enamel by selective BINDING of GLYCOPROTEINS from SALIVA that PREVENTS continuous deposition of salivary CALCIUM PHOSPHATE.
It forms in SECONDS after a tooth is cleaned or after chewing. It protects the tooth from the acids produced by oral microorganisms after consuming carbohydrates.
Lactoferrin
What is it?
Where is it?
What does it do?
Globular Glycoprotein
Secretory Fluids:
- Milk, Saliva, Tears, and Nasal secretions.
- also present in secondary granules of PMNs
Antimicrobial activity:
- Bacteriocide
- Fungicide
- part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses.
- In particular, lactoferrin provides antibacterial activity to human INFANTS.*
Increased Saliva Flow results in?
⬆️ increased Magnesium
⬆️ increased Chloride
Approximately 80-90% of Sialoliths occur in which Salivary Gland?
Submandibular Gland (Wharton’s Duct)
Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones), is a condition where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary glan
The submandibular duct or Wharton duct or submaxillary duct, is one of the salivary excretory ducts. It is about 5 cm. long, and its wall is much thinner than that of the parotid duct. It drains saliva from each bilateral submandibular gland and sublingual gland to the sublingual caruncle at the base of the tongue.
What TWO immunoglobulins are in Saliva?
Secretory IgA (SIgA) -By plasma cells in salivary glands
IgG
-Derived from serum (mainly via gingival crevices)
BULIMIA effects of Saliva Glands?
SIALADENOSIS
-an uncommon, benign, non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic. enlargement of a salivary gland
Bulimia is a common cause of sialadenosis.
often bilateral parotid associated with long-standing bulimia.
What is Siallorhea?
EXCESSIVE DROOLING 🤤
-common problem in neurologically impaired children (i.e., those with mental retardation or cerebral palsy) and in adults who have Parkinson’s disease or have had a stroke.
Medications that can cause overproduction of saliva include: aripiprazole. clozapine. pilocarpine. KETAMINE potassium chlorate. risperidone. pyridostigmine.
Statherin
Protein that super saturates saliva minerals
