Dental Anomalies 🦷 Flashcards
CONCRESCENCE
Linked to HYPERCEMENTOSIS
Concrescence is a condition of teeth where the CEMENTUM overlying the roots of at least two teeth JOIN together. It usually involves only two teeth. The most commonly involved teeth are UPPER SECOND AND THIRD MOLARS The prevalence rate is 0.04%.
- Occlusion problems causing cheek biting and traumatic ulcers.
- Involved teeth may have DIFFICULTY ERUPTING or may not erupt completely.
- May possibly cause localized periodontal destruction due to aetiological factors.
- May cause FRACTURE of the tuberosity or floor of the MAXILLARY SINUS.
GEMINATION
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MORPHODIFFERENTIATION
(Gemini - sign) ONE TOOTH/TWO BODIES
“Twinning”
Gemination, also called DOUBLE TOOTH , is an anomaly exhibiting two joined crowns and usually a SINGLE ROOT. It may have LARGE PULP It represents an incomplete attempt of a SINGLE TOOTH GERM 🦷 to split. It is considered multifactorial in etiology, with genetic and environmental causes.
** In geminated teeth, division is usually incomplete and results in a large tooth crown that has a single root and a single canal. **
The NUMBER of the teeth in the arch will be NORMAL.
Gemination more frequently affects the PRIMARY teeth, but it may occur in permanent dentitions, usually in the INCISORS region
FUSION
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MORPHODIFFERENTIATION
Most common: PRIMARY ANTERIOR
Tooth count: ONE LESS than normal
Tooth fusion arises through UNION of TWO normally separated TOOTH 🦷 🦷 GERMS.
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and depending upon the stage of development of the teeth at the time of union, it may be either complete or incomplete. On some occasions, TWO independent PULP CHAMBERS and ROOT CANALS can be seen.
the union of two adjacent teeth at the crown level (enamel and dentin), causing the formation of a tooth with an enlarged clinical crown.
Incidence of this anomaly is approximately 0.1% in the permanent and 0.5% in the primary dentition.
What Disorders have deficient Cementum?
Anomalies of APPOSITION
- Hypophosphatasia
- Vitamin D resistant Rickets
- Cleidocranial Dysplasia
- Epidermolysis Bullosa (acellular, excess)
- Sickle Cell Anemia (hypercementosis)
C is for “CHEVyS” to “APPO hill”
If a tooth is Ankylosed what type of resorption is most likely to have occurred?
REPLACEMENT RESORPTION
Replacement resorption refers to resorption of the root surface and its SUBSTITUTION by BONE resulting in ankylosis.
Replacement resorption accompanies dentoalveolar ankylosis due to extensive TRAUMA to the tooths attachment apparatus (PDL DAMAGE).
DENTIN that is OVERMINERALIZED is called?
SCLEROTIC DENTIN
AKA
- REPARATIVE
- TERTIARY
Deposition of CALCIUM in TUBULES as a result of TRAUMA, CARIES, or normal AGING
GLASSY, TRANSLUCENT appearance
noted by ABSENCE of ODONTOBLASTS and PREDENTIN was evident where the sclerotic dentin was formed.
What is a Mulberry Molar?
What is it often associated with?
MULBERRY MOLAR
- dental condition usually associated with congenital SYPHILIS
- characterized by multiple rounded RUDIMENTARY enamel CUSPS on the permanent FIRST molars.
- This type of abnormality is characterized by DWARFED molars with cusps covered with globular enamel growths.
- These teeth are FUNCTIONAL but can be cosmetically fixed with crowns, bridges, or implants.
What is Perimolysis?
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- a form of dental EROSION, characterized by dental tissue demineralization without bacterial involvement.
- It can be of intrinsic or extrinsic origin.
- Decalcification of the teeth from exposure to GASTRIC ACID in people with chronic VOMITING 🤮 .
Dentinogenesis 1 vs 2 (3)
Similarities?
Differences?
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Type I and II have SIMILAR radiographic features:
- Total OBLITERATION of the pulp CHAMBER and root CANALS due to deposition of dentin
- BULBOUS crowns with apparent cervical constriction
- REDUCED root length with rounded apices
- AMBER translucence
- MULTIPLE PERIAPICAL radiolucency 📻◼️with Alveolar abscesses
SHEILDS TYPE 1:
- Associated WITH Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI).
- Usually an autosomal dominant trait with VARIABLE expressivity but can be recessive if the associated osteogenesis imperfecta is of recessive type.
- PRIMARY TEETH 🦷 more severely effected
SHEILDS TYPE 2:
- Occurs ALONE; no OI
- Effects both dentitions equally
SHEILDS TYPE III: BRANDYWINE isolate.
This type is rare with occurrences only in the secluded populations at MARYLAND, USA. its predominant characteristic is bell-shaped crowns, especially in the permanent dentition. Unlike Types I and II, it involves teeth with 🐚 SHELL-like appearance and multiple pulp exposures
Molar / Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is associated with what vitamin deficiency and common condition
Vitamin D - PRETERM BIRTH
Disorders featuring Multiple Supernumerary Teeth
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Aperts Cleidocranial Dysplasia Gardners Crouzons Downs Sturge-Weber Orofacialdigital CLP
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Most common Primary ANKYLOSED Tooth
Mandibular 2nd Molar
correlation exist between congenital missing Permanent Tooth (2nd PM) and ANKYLOSED Primary Tooth
Disorders with multiple congenital MISSING teeth.
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Ectodermal Dysplasia Crouzon* Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-Van Creveld) Williams Achondroplasia Incontinentia Pigmenti Orofacialdigital* Rieger CLP*
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(*) - also can have Hyperdontia
MICRODONTIA
L23
Bell Stage / Morphodifferentiation
Genetics: Autosomal Dominent (localized)
Syndromes (Generalized)
Up to 8%
Max Laterals > 2nd PM > Third Molars
Syndromes associated with MICRODONTIA
Downs Crouzons* Ectodermal Dysplasia* Chondroectodermal Dysplasia* (Ellis Van Crefeld) Pituitary dwarfism Hemifacial Microsomia
(*) associated with Hypodontia
Syndromes that cause MACRODONTIA
Localized:
Hemifacial Hyperplasia
(Accelerated eruption on affected side)
Generalized: (very rare) Pituitary gigantism Pineal hyperplasia with Hyperinsulinism XYY syndrome Crouzon syndrome* Otodental syndrome
Dens Evaginatus
Characteristics?
Syndromes?
MORPHODIFFERENTIATION
“TALON” cusp / extra cusp
Contains Enamel/Dentin/PULP
(Cannot just shave down)
Most prevalent on MAX INCISORS
Evagination of Enamel Epithelium;
Focal Hyperplasia of Pulp Mesenchyme
Syndromes:
Lobodontia “wolf-like” teeth
Rubenstein-Taybi
Dens in Dente
Dens Invaginatus
Caused by invagination of IEE
IEE which produces Ameloblasts which produces Enamal, which forms a hole and then tunnel into the tooth*
Caries can progress quickly through the tunnel
Most common in PERMANENT MAX LAT
Taurodontism
Associated with?
Vertically elongated pulp chamber and short roots
Associated with:
AMELOGENESIS Type IV
