Nutrition / Health / Social Issues

Question 1

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Clinical Features?

Answer 1

Small eyes
exceptionally thin upper lip
short, upturned nose
smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip
Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers
Slow physical growth before and after birth
Vision difficulties or hearing problems
Small head circumference and brain size
Heart defects and problems with kidneys and bones

Question 2

What percentage of teenagers smoke?

Answer 2

25% of all teenagers

90% of adult smokers began or before the age of 18.

Question 3

The most common side effect of intra-oral piercings.

Answer 3

Gingival recession

Permanent tooth injuries

Question 4

Side Effects of Obesity

Answer 4

1. Cardiovascular Disease (HTN/CHF)
2. Diabetes
3. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
4. GERD

Question 5

Latex allergy has what food allergy associated with it?

Answer 5

Banana 🍌
Kiwi 🥝
Mango 🥭
Papaya

Question 6

Normal Body Fat composition at the end of puberty is?

Answer 6

~22%

Before puberty ~ 8%

Question 7

What are some issues that smokeless tobacco can cause in teens?

Answer 7

Root Caries
Erosion (grit and sand in tobacco)
Reduced saliva
Increased calculus

Question 8

T/F?

Enamel Hypoplasia in both primary and permanent teeth can occur in children exposed to and inhale second hand smoke.

Answer 8

True (AAPD)

Question 9

Glossitis is a sign of what mineral deficiency?

Answer 9

Iron

Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue. The condition causes the tongue to swell in size, change in color, and develop a different appearance on the surface.

Question 10

What is >85% but <95% considered?

Answer 10

Overweight

Question 11

Folic Acid Deficiency in pregnancy causes what to a developing child?

Answer 11

Neural Tube defects

Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord.

They happen in the FIRST month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant.

The two most common neural tube defects are SPINA BIFIDA and ANENCEPHALY .

• Spina Bifida: the fetal spinal column doesn’t close completely.
• Anencephaly: baby born with an underdeveloped brain and an incomplete skull.

Question 12

A Ketogenic diet can help in what common disorder?

Answer 12

Epilepsy

⬇️ Seizures

Question 13

What Vitamin Deficiencies can be found in a Ketogenic diet?

Answer 13

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Vitamin K

Question 14

What is an early sign of nicotine withdrawal

Answer 14

Agitation

Question 15

What Vitamin Deficiency can be found in Vegetarian diets?

Answer 15

B12 (Cobalamin)

A water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

Question 16

What is the amount of juice a 1 year old and under can have?

Answer 16

Zero

Question 17

How is BMI and Body Fat related?

Answer 17

BMI is a number that is used to evaluate your body size. It is not a percentage of body fat, but rather a general score that helps determine if your weight falls into a healthy range. The number is calculated using your weight and height.

Question 18

The most commonly abused illicit drug in the USA is?

Answer 18

MARIJUANA

Question 19

Maternal periodontal disease can be linked to what perinatal conditions?

Answer 19

1. Low Birth Weight Infants
2. Preeclampsia
3. Preterm Delivery

Question 20

Sugars in decreasing order of influence on tooth decay.

Answer 20

1. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose (honey)
2. Galactose, lactose
3. Complex carbohydrate (starch in rice, bread, potatoes).

Question 21

What percentage of a plate of food consist of fruit and vegetables?

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

Who can you not give MI paste too?

Answer 22

Persons allergic to Milk

Question 23

Breast Milk vs Cow Milk

Lactose and Calcium content differences

Answer 23

Both are about 88% water:

Human milk:
- 7% CARBOHYDRATE, 1.3% protein, and 4.1% FAT.

Cow milk:
- 4.5% carbohydrate, 3.3% PROTEIN, and 3.9% fat.

Human milk has a very high concentration of lactose compared to cows’ milk

Human milk contains less calcium than cow’s milk, but the calcium in human milk has over twice the bioavailability of the calcium in cow’s milk. (cow milk 4x amount of human milk)

Increasing mom’s calcium intake does NOT increase the amount of calcium in her milk – mom’s milk has the right amount of calcium even if mom does not get enough in her diet.

Cow’s milk contains very little iron, Vit C, Vit D, Vit A

Question 24

How is an allergic reaction to cow milk discovered?

Answer 24

Common among infants, and cow’s milk-induced intestinal bleeding as an allergic response is a well recognised cause of rectal bleeding in infancy.
This blood loss can affect the iron nutritional status of the infant and in many cases may lead to anemia.

Question 25

Smokeless Tobacco can what type of Keratosis?

Answer 25

Mucosal Keratosis Leukoplakia The histological findings of STK though not unique have characteristic findings. The keratin surface is either parakeratotic or orthokeratotic with spires of chevron parakeratosis imparting a wavy appearance to the keratin surface. The epithelium is acanthotic and cells in the spinous layer may show vacuolated cytoplasm. In most STK, no epithelial dysplasia is identified although the basal layer nuclei may be hyperchromatic. The connective tissue can be uninvolved in STK with little to minimal inflammation.

Question 26

Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose Which is the least cariogenic?

Answer 26

Fructose

Question 27

Secondhand smoke and effects of SIDS

Answer 27

Secondhand smoke ⬆️ increases the risk for SIDS. Children are also more likely to have lung problems, ear infections, and severe asthma from being around smoke

Question 28

T/F? A diet chronically high in sugars will, in time, result in a lower resting plaque ph because this diet will encourage reproduction of acid-tolerant bacteria

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Sweetest Natural Sugar? Sweetest Artificial Sugar?

Answer 29

1. Sucrose | 2. Thaumatin

Question 30

What sedative is contraindicated in the obese population?

Answer 30

Chloral Hydrate

Question 31

T/F? Fluoride Supplementation for the expectant mother is recommended for prenatal tooth development?

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

What should be evaluated before extraction of a natal/neonatal tooth in a healthy full term 7 day old?

Answer 32

Vitamin K

Question 33

Frequent consumption of soda is linked to...

Answer 33

Obesity Enamel erosion Low bone density Type 2 Diabetes

Question 34

What Antibiotics should NOT be used in pregnancy?

Answer 34

Category D -There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Category X -were never to be used during pregnancy. ``` Bactrim Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Furadantin Macrobid Macrodantin Minocycline Septra Tetracycline - X ```

Question 35

What Antibiotics are safe for pregnancy?

Answer 35

``` Amoxicillin Ampicillin Augmentin Penicillin Cephalexin Clindamycin Erythromycin ```

Question 36

What can Ibuprofen taken in pregnancy result in?

Answer 36

Ibuprofen is more likely to cause heart defects in a developing baby.

Question 37

What is the biggest inhibitor of Caries Pre-Natal?

Answer 37

Xylitol

Question 38

Anorexia: common dental findings

Answer 38

GLOSSITIS -due to low Vit B/Iron HYPERSALIVATION - enlargement of saliva glands - nutritional deficiencies TRISMUS

Question 39

Vitamin D Rickets associated with what?

Answer 39

``` Short Roots Thin globular dentin Enlarged pulp horns extending into DEJ Spontaneous gingival / abscesses (without hx of caries or trauma Poor defined Lamina Dura ```

Question 40

BPA What does it increase? Where is it found?

Answer 40

BPA stands for bisphenol A. BPA is an industrial chemical that has been used to make certain plastics and RESINS since the 1960s. BPA is found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting ESTROGEN-mimicking, hormone-like properties. BPA is released from dental resins through salivary enzymatic hydrolysis of BPA derivatives, and BPA is detectable in saliva for up to 3 hours after resin placement. bis-GMA are less likely to be hydrolyzed to BPA and have less estrogenicity than those containing bisphenol A dimethacrylate ***bis-DMA***

Question 41

Breast milk vs cow milk Which is LEAST cariogenic?

Answer 41

Breast milk

Question 42

What Syndrome is associated with an eating disorder?

Answer 42

Prader-Willi syndrome “Prader, will I eat that?” Eat constantly because they never feel full (hyperphagia), and they usually have trouble controlling their weight. Many complications of Prader-Willi syndrome are due to obesity.

Question 43

What is the leading cause of death 💀 of children in the USA over 1 year of age.

Answer 43

CANCER - is the leading disease-related cause of death for children more than > 1 year of age. ***** SIDS - is the leading cause of death among infants 1 month to 1 year old

Question 44

The pubertal growth spurt in ages of males and females is?

Answer 44

MALES: 12-18 FEMALES: 10-14

Question 45

Breast-Feeding Lowers the Frequency and Duration of Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea in Infants under Six Months of Age. T/F?

Answer 45

True Data demonstrate that breast-fed infants have a lower incidence of ARI, a smaller percentage of days ill, and episodes of shorter duration than bottle-fed infants.

Question 46

Oral presentation of Iron Deficiency

Answer 46

Atrophic Glossitis Generalized oral mucosal atrophy Tenderness or burning sensation of oral mucosa.

Question 47

What Molars are most involved in Nursing / Early Childhood Caries?

Answer 47

Maxillary 1st Molars

Question 48

SIDS 1-1, 2-3M Increased Risk?

Answer 48

1-1, 2-3M, FORMULA ⬆️, SMOKING ⬆️, BREASTFEEDING ⬇️, PACIFIER ⬇️ Leading cause of death in children between one month and one year of age. The risk for SIDS peaks between 2 and 3 months of age, and it occurs more often in MALES infants than in females. Risk ⬆️ - formula-fed babies have a doubled overall infant death risk, and 4-fold risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). - Babies born to women who smoked during pregnancy die from SIDS three times more often than babies born to nonsmokers. Smoking when you're pregnant is a major risk factor for SIDS, and secondhand smoke around your infant also increases the chances of SIDS. - Breastfeeding your baby can lower the risk of SIDS by as much as 50%

Question 49

What behavior issues are involved in Sleep Apnea?

Answer 49

ADHD - HYPERACTIVITY - AGGRESSION Kids with breathing problems during sleep were at least 40 percent more likely to develop behavioral problems, such as hyperactivity and aggression, by age 7. Emotional symptoms such as ANXIETY and DEPRESSION, PEER relationship problems, CONDUCT problems such as following rules and social behavior toward others.