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Pediatric Dentistry Prepatory Boards > Nutrition / Health / Social Issues > Flashcards

Nutrition / Health / Social Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Clinical Features?

A

Small eyes
exceptionally thin upper lip
short, upturned nose
smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip
Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers
Slow physical growth before and after birth
Vision difficulties or hearing problems
Small head circumference and brain size
Heart defects and problems with kidneys and bones

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2
Q

What percentage of teenagers smoke?

A

25% of all teenagers

90% of adult smokers began or before the age of 18.

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3
Q

The most common side effect of intra-oral piercings.

A

Gingival recession

Permanent tooth injuries

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4
Q

Side Effects of Obesity

A
  1. Cardiovascular Disease (HTN/CHF)
  2. Diabetes
  3. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
  4. GERD
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5
Q

Latex allergy has what food allergy associated with it?

A

Banana 🍌
Kiwi 🥝
Mango 🥭
Papaya

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6
Q

Normal Body Fat composition at the end of puberty is?

A

~22%

Before puberty ~ 8%

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7
Q

What are some issues that smokeless tobacco can cause in teens?

A

Root Caries
Erosion (grit and sand in tobacco)
Reduced saliva
Increased calculus

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8
Q

T/F?

Enamel Hypoplasia in both primary and permanent teeth can occur in children exposed to and inhale second hand smoke.

A

True (AAPD)

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9
Q

Glossitis is a sign of what mineral deficiency?

A

Iron

Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue. The condition causes the tongue to swell in size, change in color, and develop a different appearance on the surface.

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10
Q

What is >85% but <95% considered?

A

Overweight

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11
Q

Folic Acid Deficiency in pregnancy causes what to a developing child?

A

Neural Tube defects

Neural tube defects are birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord.

They happen in the FIRST month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant.

The two most common neural tube defects are SPINA BIFIDA and ANENCEPHALY .

  • Spina Bifida: the fetal spinal column doesn’t close completely.
  • Anencephaly: baby born with an underdeveloped brain and an incomplete skull.
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12
Q

A Ketogenic diet can help in what common disorder?

A

Epilepsy

⬇️ Seizures

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13
Q

What Vitamin Deficiencies can be found in a Ketogenic diet?

A

Vitamin D

Vitamin C

Vitamin K

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14
Q

What is an early sign of nicotine withdrawal

A

Agitation

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15
Q

What Vitamin Deficiency can be found in Vegetarian diets?

A

B12 (Cobalamin)

A water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. It is one of eight B vitamins. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

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16
Q

What is the amount of juice a 1 year old and under can have?

A

Zero

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17
Q

How is BMI and Body Fat related?

A

BMI is a number that is used to evaluate your body size. It is not a percentage of body fat, but rather a general score that helps determine if your weight falls into a healthy range. The number is calculated using your weight and height.

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18
Q

The most commonly abused illicit drug in the USA is?

A

MARIJUANA

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19
Q

Maternal periodontal disease can be linked to what perinatal conditions?

A
  1. Low Birth Weight Infants
  2. Preeclampsia
  3. Preterm Delivery
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20
Q

Sugars in decreasing order of influence on tooth decay.

A
  1. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose (honey)
  2. Galactose, lactose
  3. Complex carbohydrate (starch in rice, bread, potatoes).
21
Q

What percentage of a plate of food consist of fruit and vegetables?

A

50%

22
Q

Who can you not give MI paste too?

A

Persons allergic to Milk

23
Q

Breast Milk vs Cow Milk

Lactose and Calcium content differences

A

Both are about 88% water:

Human milk:
- 7% CARBOHYDRATE, 1.3% protein, and 4.1% FAT.

Cow milk:
- 4.5% carbohydrate, 3.3% PROTEIN, and 3.9% fat.

Human milk has a very high concentration of lactose compared to cows’ milk

Human milk contains less calcium than cow’s milk, but the calcium in human milk has over twice the bioavailability of the calcium in cow’s milk. (cow milk 4x amount of human milk)

Increasing mom’s calcium intake does NOT increase the amount of calcium in her milk – mom’s milk has the right amount of calcium even if mom does not get enough in her diet.

Cow’s milk contains very little iron, Vit C, Vit D, Vit A

24
Q

How is an allergic reaction to cow milk discovered?

A

Common among infants, and cow’s milk-induced intestinal bleeding as an allergic response is a well recognised cause of rectal bleeding in infancy.
This blood loss can affect the iron nutritional status of the infant and in many cases may lead to anemia.

25
Q

Smokeless Tobacco can what type of Keratosis?

A

Mucosal Keratosis
Leukoplakia

The histological findings of STK though not unique have characteristic findings.
The keratin surface is either parakeratotic or orthokeratotic with spires of chevron parakeratosis imparting a wavy appearance to the keratin surface.
The epithelium is acanthotic and cells in the spinous layer may show vacuolated cytoplasm.
In most STK, no epithelial dysplasia is identified although the basal layer nuclei may be hyperchromatic. The connective tissue can be uninvolved in STK with little to minimal inflammation.

26
Q

Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose

Which is the least cariogenic?

A

Fructose

27
Q

Secondhand smoke and effects of SIDS

A

Secondhand smoke ⬆️ increases the risk for SIDS.

Children are also more likely to have lung problems, ear infections, and severe asthma from being around smoke

28
Q

T/F?

A diet chronically high in sugars will, in time, result in a lower resting plaque ph because this diet will encourage reproduction of acid-tolerant bacteria

A

True

29
Q

Sweetest Natural Sugar?

Sweetest Artificial Sugar?

A
  1. Sucrose

2. Thaumatin

30
Q

What sedative is contraindicated in the obese population?

A

Chloral Hydrate

31
Q

T/F?

Fluoride Supplementation for the expectant mother is recommended for prenatal tooth development?

A

FALSE

32
Q

What should be evaluated before extraction of a natal/neonatal tooth in a healthy full term 7 day old?

A

Vitamin K

33
Q

Frequent consumption of soda is linked to…

A

Obesity
Enamel erosion
Low bone density
Type 2 Diabetes

34
Q

What Antibiotics should NOT be used in pregnancy?

A

Category D
-There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

Category X
-were never to be used during pregnancy.

Bactrim
Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline
Furadantin
Macrobid
Macrodantin
Minocycline
Septra
Tetracycline - X
35
Q

What Antibiotics are safe for pregnancy?

A 
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Augmentin
Penicillin
Cephalexin
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
36
Q

What can Ibuprofen taken in pregnancy result in?

A

Ibuprofen is more likely to cause heart defects in a developing baby.

37
Q

What is the biggest inhibitor of Caries Pre-Natal?

A

Xylitol

38
Q

Anorexia: common dental findings

A

GLOSSITIS
-due to low Vit B/Iron

HYPERSALIVATION

  • enlargement of saliva glands
  • nutritional deficiencies

TRISMUS

39
Q

Vitamin D Rickets associated with what?

A 
Short Roots 
Thin globular dentin
Enlarged pulp horns extending into DEJ
Spontaneous gingival / abscesses (without hx of caries or trauma
Poor defined Lamina Dura
40
Q

BPA

What does it increase?
Where is it found?

A

BPA stands for bisphenol A.
BPA is an industrial chemical that has been used to make certain plastics and RESINS since the 1960s. BPA is found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.

BPA is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting ESTROGEN-mimicking, hormone-like properties.

BPA is released from dental resins through salivary enzymatic hydrolysis of BPA derivatives, and BPA is detectable in saliva for up to 3 hours after resin placement.

bis-GMA are less likely to be hydrolyzed to BPA and have less estrogenicity than those containing bisphenol A dimethacrylate bis-DMA

41
Q

Breast milk vs cow milk

Which is LEAST cariogenic?

A

Breast milk

42
Q

What Syndrome is associated with an eating disorder?

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

“Prader, will I eat that?”

Eat constantly because they never feel full (hyperphagia), and they usually have trouble controlling their weight. Many complications of Prader-Willi syndrome are due to obesity.

43
Q

What is the leading cause of death 💀 of children in the USA over 1 year of age.

A

CANCER
- is the leading disease-related cause of death for children more than > 1 year of age.

SIDS
- is the leading cause of death among infants 1 month to 1 year old

44
Q

The pubertal growth spurt in ages of males and females is?

A

MALES: 12-18

FEMALES: 10-14

45
Q

Breast-Feeding Lowers the Frequency and Duration of Acute Respiratory Infection and Diarrhea in Infants under Six Months of Age.

T/F?

A

True

Data demonstrate that breast-fed infants have a lower incidence of ARI, a smaller percentage of days ill, and episodes of shorter duration than bottle-fed infants.

46
Q

Oral presentation of Iron Deficiency

A

Atrophic Glossitis

Generalized oral mucosal atrophy

Tenderness or burning sensation of oral mucosa.

47
Q

What Molars are most involved in Nursing / Early Childhood Caries?

A

Maxillary 1st Molars

48
Q

SIDS

1-1, 2-3M

Increased Risk?

A

1-1, 2-3M, FORMULA ⬆️, SMOKING ⬆️, BREASTFEEDING ⬇️, PACIFIER ⬇️

Leading cause of death in children between one month and one year of age.

The risk for SIDS peaks between 2 and 3 months of age, and it occurs more often in MALES infants than in females.

Risk ⬆️

  • formula-fed babies have a doubled overall infant death risk, and 4-fold risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
  • Babies born to women who smoked during pregnancy die from SIDS three times more often than babies born to nonsmokers. Smoking when you’re pregnant is a major risk factor for SIDS, and secondhand smoke around your infant also increases the chances of SIDS.
  • Breastfeeding your baby can lower the risk of SIDS by as much as 50%
49
Q

What behavior issues are involved in Sleep Apnea?

A

ADHD - HYPERACTIVITY - AGGRESSION

Kids with breathing problems during sleep were at least 40 percent more likely to develop behavioral problems, such as hyperactivity and aggression, by age 7.

Emotional symptoms such as ANXIETY and DEPRESSION, PEER relationship problems, CONDUCT problems such as following rules and social behavior toward others.

Pediatric Dentistry Prepatory Boards (39 decks)

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