Asthma Flashcards
In an acute Asthma attack, what cells undergo Histamine degranulation?
Mast Cells
What are common oral findings of an Asthmatic patient?
CCHH
Candidiasis
Class II cavities
High Palate
Hypoplastic Molars
What medications should be avoided when treating Asthmatic patients and why?
Think Conscious Sedation
BARBITURATES:
NARCOTICS:
-Demerol (Meperidine)
Cause histamine release leading to Bronchospasm.
What is the relationship between GERD and Asthma?
GERD may trigger Asthma
Acid reflux may trigger a protective nerve reflex. This nerve reflex causes the airways to tighten in order to prevent the stomach acid from entering the lungs. The narrowing of the airways can result in Asthmatic symptoms, such as shortness of breath.
What constitutes SEVERE asthma?
Severe asthma refers to asthma that does NOT respond well to regular asthma treatments, such as inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilator medications.
Relatively uncommon, generally affecting 5–10% of people with asthma.
- symptoms that occur throughout the day
being woken up by symptoms, often 7 nights per week (ages 5 and older) - for ages 4 and younger, being woken up by symptoms on more than 1 night per week
- symptoms that require short-acting beta 2-agonist therapy several times per day
- symptoms that significantly limit a person’s regular activities
What are the 4 classifications of Asthma?
mild intermittent asthma
mild persistent asthma
moderate persistent asthma
severe persistent asthma
What Constitutes Mild Intermittent Asthma?
Symptoms up to two days per week or two nights per month.
This asthma type will usually not hinder any of your activities and can include exercise-induced asthma.
You will usually only need a rescue inhaler to treat this mild form of asthma.
The largest number of people with asthma have mild asthma. Mild intermittent and mild persistent are the most common types of asthma.
What Constitutes Mild Persistent Asthma?
symptoms are still mild but occur more than twice per week.
For this type classification, you don’t have symptoms more than once per day.
may be prescribed a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid medication.
What is Asthma?
CHRONIC disorder of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airway obstruction, hyper responsiveness, and underlying inflammation.
- Bronchoconstriction following irritant exposure
- Airway Hyper responsiveness
- Airway Edema and Mucous Secretion
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma
Signs:
Wheezing
Tachypnea
Symptoms: Wheeze Shortness of Breath Chest Tightness Cough 😷
Asthma and NSAIDS relationship
NSAIDS should be used with caution in all children with Asthma: 4% of asthmatics are allergic to aspirin and other NSAIDS.
Use acetominophen instead
What important questions need to be asked when taking a medical history from a patient with asthma?
- Type and severity of Asthma
- Level of Asthma Control
- Precipitating factors
- Last Acute episode / any hospitalizations
- Type of Meds (regular / acute response)
What is a common oral manifestation of inhaled corticosteroid therapy?
Oral Candidiasis
Is Nitrous Oxide contraindicated in Asthma patients?
No
It is nonirritating to the mucous membranes and since anxiety can trigger an asthmatic episode, its anti-anxiety effects can reduce the possibility of an occurrence
What Constitutes Moderate Asthma?
symptoms once each day, or most days.
You will also have symptoms at least one night each week.
prescribed a slightly higher dose of inhaled corticosteroid that’s used for mild persistent asthma. A rescue inhaler will also be prescribed for any onset of symptoms.
Asthma is automatically what ASA class
ASA II for controlled
Possible III if uncontrolled
What is the treatment for an acute asthma attack?
Short Acting Beta 2-Agonist (SABAs)
Albuterol (AccuNeb, Proventil HFA, ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex, Xopenex HFA).
These medications may also be known as rescue inhalers. They relax muscles in the lungs and maintain open airways, allowing for better airflow.
A person with Asthma will likely have what type or facial relationship?
Hyperdivergent or dolichofacial facial type
Which rescuer inhaler do you give?
Beta 2 AGONIST
- causes smooth muscle relaxation
Due to the potential for stimulating Histamine release which can lead to Broncospasm, what should be avoided in children with asthma?
Meperidine (Demerol)
Stridor?
Differences in inhalation / exhalation?
Stridor is an abnormal, high-pitched sound produced by turbulent airflow through a partially obstructed airway at the level of the supraglottis, glottis, subglottis, or trachea.
Inhalation - Upper Airway Obstruction
Exhalation - Lower Airway Obstruction
T/F?
Use of Asthma medication is associated with an increase of S. Mutans levels.
FALSE
T/F?
Use of Beta 2 Agonist inhalers results in an increase in Salivary PH levels (more alkaline)
FALSE
Sound heard when a person is have an asthma attack?
Wheezing, Expiratory
As severity increases, the wheeze lasts through expiration.
In more severe asthma, wheezing is also heard on inspiration.
Erythromycin and asthma relationship
Erythromycin thus showed a beneficial effect on bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This effect might be due to the regulation of the inflammatory cells.
Corticosteroid inhalers are NOT effective for management of a child in acute asthmatic attack because their primary therapeutic action is?
Anti inflammatory
4 year old with asthma in respiratory distress. Given albuterol and can’t breath. Decreased chest rise and fall.
What do you do next?
- Positive Pressure O2
A mechanical ventilator or positive pressure ventilator is an instrument used to help a patient to breathe when they are unable to breathe on their own.
Type of Immunoglobulin implicated is Asthma?
IgE - (allergE)
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody that mediates allergic reactions and plays a pivotal role in allergic asthma.
IgE is involved early in the inflammatory cascade and can be considered as a cause of allergic asthma, eosinophilia can be considered a consequence of the whole process.
