Saariaho Flashcards

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1
Q

Where did Kaija study?

A

IRCAM

developing techniques of computer assisted composition

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2
Q

What is she known for?

A

mixing electronic sounds with classical instruments

emphasis on slow transformation of dense masses of sound

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3
Q

what is spectralist music?

A

style pioneered by Gerard Grisey

based on the computer analysis of the sound-spectrum

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4
Q

where is the music material from?

A

‘Nymphea’ meaning ‘Waterlilly’

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5
Q

what extended techniques are used?

A
Sul tasto (S.T) - string bowed near fingerboard
Sul ponticello (S.P) - near or above bridge
L.H pizz
Arrow - gradual change from one sound to another
filled in crescendo - add bow pressure - scratching sound
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6
Q

what dynamics are used?

A

e. f with dim/ - decrease bow pressure to soft noise
e. f with cresc. and dim. = decrease then add bow pressure gradually
dim. with circle = to nothing
cresc. with circle = from nothing

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7
Q

what suggests the performer has freedom?

A

filled in triangle - highest note possible lasting approx 20 secs

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8
Q

what microintervals are used?

A

cross = note raised 1/4 tone

backwards b = note lowered 1/4

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9
Q

describe the structure

A

one continuous movement lasting approx 9 mins

alteration of slow lento passages and rapid ones

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10
Q

does the score use barlines?

A

no

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11
Q

what is the sound person expected to do?

A

adjust according to space

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12
Q

what is reverb?

A

reflections of sound

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13
Q

what is the harmonizer?

A

pitch shifter which combines “shifted” pitch with the original pitch

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14
Q

describe the acoustic sonority

A

traditional cello playing
staccato and slurs
lengthy trills and tremolo
glissando

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15
Q

what are the more ‘unusual’ techniques used?

A
long trills
harmonics
glissandi
microintervals
unusual bow pressure
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16
Q

what does the intro say reverb should result in?

A

‘clear and bright sound’

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17
Q

describe the dynamics

A

extreme
silence - ppp - fff
‘clear and rich sound’
loud but not ‘painfully so’

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18
Q

describe the texture

A
monophonic - solo cello
rich sound through harmonizers and reverb
two part textures
harmonics
double stopping
colouristic blocks of sound
densities of sound
19
Q

what does the tempo alternate between

A

Lento and a faster tempo

20
Q

how long should each stave last?

A

at least 20 secs

21
Q

describe the final section

A

extremely slow

22
Q

do the dotted barlines have any metrical meaning?

A

no

they show where particular events end/begin

23
Q

is there a tonality?

A

no

24
Q

when is a tonal centre created?

A

section 6

repeated C

25
Q

where do diads appear?

A

at the end of some staves

26
Q

how would you describe the tonality?

A

colouristic

27
Q

when is there no harmony?

A

when just a single pitch is heard

28
Q

when does harmony occur?

A

when two or more distinct notes are heard simultaneously

29
Q

Is there a sense of harmonic progression?

A

no

brief moments where pitches are heard

30
Q

how is the sound heard like a melody?

A

harmonics which are usually heard simultaneously are heard individually

31
Q

where is the melody typically heard?

A

faster moving sections

32
Q

what does the first energetic section feature?

A

quarter-tone micro-intervals
glissandi
ascending figure

33
Q

describe the second energetic section

A

more melodic
greater diversity of interval size
descending figures

34
Q

what’s the difference between A and B?

A
A = fragile, colouristic passages
B = energetic event, with clear rhythmic and melodic character
35
Q

How do melodies A and B appear?

A

in alteration

36
Q

what does the reverb vary in?

A

percentages

37
Q

what does the harmoniser do?

A

microtonal pitch shifting

38
Q

Are there harmonics?

A

yes

39
Q

What is a harmonic?

A

Pure, high note

40
Q

Penderecki - Threnody

A
Song for victims of Hiroshima
word painting
large orchestra - 24 violins and 8 bassoons 
high shrieking violins (instructions to play highest note)
no bar numbers - seconds held
sudde dynamic changes ff-pp
pizz and arco
contrapuntal
sul tasto and sul ponticello
lots of bow pressure
cresc. and dim.
imitation
vocables
41
Q

Berio, sequenza III

A
nonsense vocables
instructions rather than music
changes with performer e.g highest note possible
monophonic
detailed instructions e.g 'whistful'
42
Q

Ionisation for 13 percussionists

A

sirens and lions roar
focus on texture
timbres handled with delicacy e.g merging

43
Q

Tristan Murail - La Baroque mystique

A
crescendos and diminendos
fluttertongue flute
lengthy trills
fast moving passages
varying bow pressure
complex web of sounds
syncopation
silence
pedals
dialogue
pizz and arco strings
44
Q

Iannis Xenahis - Metastasis

A
series of instructions
relatively free e.g highest note
silence 
pizz and arco
tremolo strings
piercing sirens
Imitation
structure alternstes between calm and chaotic
polyphony