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Debussy Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Estampes mean?

A

‘prints’ or ‘engravings’

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2
Q

When was it written?

A

1903

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3
Q

Why is it significant to Debussys style?

A

more Impressionistic

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4
Q

(pagodes) How does Debussy evoke oriental sounds?

A

pentatonicism
slow-moving harmonic changes
pedal
vibrant/rich washes of sound

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5
Q

(pagodes) When did Debussy first hear chinese Gamelan and what did he regard it as?

A

Paris world exhibition 1889

A means of breaking free from the contstraints of Europen music

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6
Q

(pagodes) what range of the piano is used?

A

Full

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7
Q

(pagodes) what’s impressionistic about the pedal?

A

Indications are sporadic
both una corda and sustain pedal used
no changes indicated
creates a merging effect

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8
Q

(pagodes) how do textures vary?

A

considerably in texture and type

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9
Q

(pagodes) how are sound qualities enhanced?

A

exploitation of the full dynamic range

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10
Q

(pagodes) are the textures complex?

A

yes

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11
Q

(pagodes) how did Debussy direct this piece to be performed?

A

‘moderement anime with the pulse subject to rubato seen from the numerous ritenutos

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12
Q

(pagodes) are the rhythms diverse?

A

yes

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13
Q

(pagodes) what technical features are associated with Debussys impressionistic approach?

A 
syncopation
tied notes
triplets
steady quavers
quintuplets
hetero/cross-rhythms
gong like sounds in bass
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14
Q

(pagodes) what is the melody built up of?

A

two-bar phrases drawing on pentatonic structures

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15
Q

(pagodes) what is the first melodic line constructed of?

A

four pitches

Gsharp - Csharp - D - Fsharp

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16
Q

(pagodes) where is the fifth note of the pentatonic scale?

A

In the bass accompanying harmonic structure

B

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17
Q

(pagodes) describe the harmony

A

Non-functional

draws heavily on pentatonic material

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18
Q

(pagodes) describe the harmonic rhythm

A

slow

slight changes as part of the ‘changing background’ approach

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19
Q

(pagodes) what prominent landmarks are there?

A 
B major with added 6th and flat. 7th
B major
Diminished triad
Interval of major 2nd 
Pentatonic harmonisation
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20
Q

(pagodes) what is the final section underpinned by?

A

Slowly descending bass line, eventually settling on the tonic B

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21
Q

(pagodes) describe the structure

A

ternary form with coda

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22
Q

(pagodes) what is the key?

A

none

B tonal centre

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23
Q

(pagodes) what does gauche mean?

A

Left hand

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24
Q

(pagodes) what does main droile mean?

A

Right hand

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25
Q

(pagodes) what are the features of Gamelan?

A 
Pentatonic scale imitating slendro scale
pedal imitating gong
upper melodies imitating xylophone
varying speeds
slow  rhythms
octaves
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26
Q

(pagodes) what are the features of Impressionism?

A 
Moods and emotions avoided
Blurred sounds throughout
Extended harmonies
Ambiguous tonality
Parallel chords
Added 6th
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27
Q

(grenade) what is the aim of the piece?

A

to evoke the character of Spain

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28
Q

(grenade) how does he evoke the character of Spain?

A

Habanera rhythm

spread chords reflecting guitar

29
Q

(grenade) what’s the range?

A

six octaves

30
Q

(grenade) what does he draw on in the opening?

A

well-sustained sounds with pedal points

31
Q

(grenade) what effects does he use?

A

staccato articulation

distant ‘off-stage’ like effects

32
Q

(grenade) what do textures draw on?

A

various types of homophony

often layered

33
Q

(grenade) describe the dynamics

A

full range

ppp-ff

34
Q

(grenade) how does Debussy state the piece should be played?

A

pianist should begin slowly in a nonchalantly graceful rhythm

35
Q

(grenade) what is the metre?

A

2/4

sudden switches to 3/4 for the two ‘distant’ interjections

36
Q

(grenade) what’s characteristic about the habanera rhythm?

A

dotted notes

37
Q

(grenade) what rhythmic features are used?

A 
triplets
syncopation
hetero-rhythms
scotch snaps
long drawn-out sounds at beginning and end
38
Q

(grenades) what is the melody built on?

A

limited number of melodic motifs

39
Q

(grenades) describe the Moorish lament

A

dissonant

juxtaposition of semitone and augmented 2nd intervals

40
Q

(grenades) what melodic features are used?

A 
delicate ornamentation
limited range
internal one-bar repetitions
overall descent
avoidance of balanced phrasing
41
Q

(grenades) what does the second motif contain?

A

balanced two-bar phrases
ascending by step
repeated notes
marked by harmonic parallelism

42
Q

(grenades) what is the introduction of the whole-tone scale marked by?

A

stepwise melody
rising by a third
immediate fall back to starting note

43
Q

(grenade) is the harmony more varied than pagodes?

A

yes

44
Q

(grenade) what typical harmonic devises are used?

A 
pedal points
parallel 7th chords
whole-tone harmonies
false relations between adjacent notes
open 5th chords
chords of 4ths and 5ths
simultaneous false relations
parallel thirds
45
Q

(grenade) describe the structure

A

alternation of a series of motifs

46
Q

(grenade) describe the tonality

A

Csharp tonal centre

47
Q

(pagodes) What are the opening 4 notes?

A

Gsharp - Csharp - Dsharp - Fsharp

B in accompaniment

48
Q

(pagodes) what notes are used in the four-bar section?

A

Gsharp - Asharp - Csharp - Dsharp - Fsharp

49
Q

(pagodes) How are the original 4 notes later varied?

A

B - Gsharp - Fsharp - Dsharp

Csharp in the triplets

50
Q

Main gauche (M.G)

A

Left Hand

51
Q

Main Droile (M.D)

A

Right hand

52
Q

Animez un peu

A

little animated (faster)

53
Q

Toujours anime

A

still animated

54
Q

Retenu

A

slows

55
Q

Laissez viber

A

leave to vibrate

56
Q

Comparisons

A 
Bolero
Debussy La Mer
Ravel - Mother Goose
Debussy - Faune
1ere GNOSSIENNE
57
Q

Mother goose

A 
Ballet set in far east
pentatonic
varying phrase lengths
glissando
static harmony
avoids common chords
dissonances
whole-tone structures
chromaticism
pentatonicism
metric displacement
duple time
syncopation
meldoy and accompaniment
ostinato
58
Q

1ere Gnossienne

A 
Erik Satie
also attended the universal exhibition
repetative
bass pedal = gong
dissonance
exotic scale
pentatonic
free time
slow
wide spread chords
grace notes
slow moving rhythms
59
Q

Prelude a l’apres-midi d’un faune context

A

Debussy

based on poem about a faun alone in the forrest

60
Q

faun sonority

A 
strings often muted
tremolo
pizz and arco
harp glissandi
harmonics
ww often solo
horns muted
61
Q

faun texture

A 
mostly mel-dom-hom
monophonic flute solo
doubling
pedals
homorythm
62
Q

faun structure

A

ternary with coda

63
Q

faun tonality

A 
hazy
undermined by:
1) chromaticism
2) whole-tone writing
3) unresolved dissonances
hints of B and C
64
Q

Faun harmony

A 
non-functional
much use of 7ths
chor extensions e.g 9th
pedals
chromatic
half-dim 7ths
tritone
65
Q

Faun melody

A 
extension e.g bar 3 the melody expands to cover an octave
whole-tone
repetition
variation
transposition
ornamentation
66
Q

Faun tempo/metre/rhythm

A 
augmentation
flexible
frequent changes of metre
triplets
cross-rhythms
syncopation
67
Q

Debussy context

A

Claude Debussy
1862-1918
Reaction against German Romanticism
Emphasis on colour and texture rather than emotion

68
Q

Estampes context

A

1903
prints
first truly Impressionistic work

69
Q

Where did Debussy first hear Gamelan?

A

Exposition Universaire

1889

Music (19 decks)

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