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Beatles Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

What genres do they draw on?

A

rock and roll
blues
folk

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2
Q

what album was revolver?

A

7

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3
Q

Was this a new phase?

A

yes

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4
Q

When was revolver released and what singles are in it?

A

August 5th, 1966
yellow submarine
eleanor rigby

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5
Q

How many weeks was revolver in the charts?

A

34

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6
Q

How does revolver differ from previous albums?

A

more studio- based

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7
Q

What experimental production aspects are included?

A 
automatic double-tracking
variable tape speeds
tape-loops
playing recorded sounds backwards
dubbed sound effects
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8
Q

Why is the album notable?

A 
classical performance forces e.g string quartet
Indian influences 
Avoidance of traditional structures
Presence of  'psychedelic' elements
wide range of subjects
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9
Q

Who produced the album?

A

George Martin

recorded/mixed by Geoff Emerick

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10
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) describe the string quartet

A

string group drawing on eight individual performers

doubled string quartet

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11
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what is the structure?

A

strophic

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12
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) describe the overall structure

A 
intro
verse and refrain
bridge
verse and refrain
coda
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13
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) how many lines does each verse consist of?

A

Two five-bar lines

Sometimes with a loose rhyme-scheme

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14
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) What’s the tonality and what’s striking about it?

A

Em

striking modal inflections

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15
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what’s striking about the melody?

A

modal ambiguity

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16
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what’s the melody composed of?

A

repeated rising and falling melody

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17
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what implied Lydian mode?

A

Fsharp

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18
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) name four interesting things about the vocal line

A

mode is Dorian bu the final bar is Aeolian (Cnatural)
final bar tragic descent highlights the names of characters
descending sequences and syncopation
final bar of the verse highlights the situation/message e.g ‘who is it for?’

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19
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) How does the refrain highlight despair?

A

only involves the first, third, fourth and fifth notes of the scale
upwards octave leap followed by a rapid descent to tonic
second phrase leap of minor 10th then closing on mediant

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20
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) How many chords is the song built on?

A

two

Em and C

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21
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) describe the overall harmonic rhythm

A

slow

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22
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) How do chords function in the introduction

A

alternate every two bars starting on C major

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23
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) Describe the harmony of the verse

A

opens with Em for three bars followed by two bars of C

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24
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what is the refrain built on?

A

Em with sustained E in cellos and a chromatic counter-melody in violas featuring Db

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25
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what contributes to the pessimism?

A

relentless, closed-in harmonic scheme

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26
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what is the tempo?

A

fast quadruple

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27
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) Is the tempo maintained throughout?

A

yes apart from an unmarked rit at close

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28
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) What is the song built on?

A

insistent repeated crotchets enlivened by quavers

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29
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) What appears in the cellos in refrains?

A

sustained notes

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30
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) Where does syncopation occur?

A

vocal part

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31
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) who wrote the string arrangement and how is it reminiscent of psycho?

A

George Martin

aggressively staccato with mechanical-sounding figurations

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32
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) How were the strings recorded?

A

Non-vibrato

microphones close

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33
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) describe the texture

A

homophonic

repeated staccato chords frequently off-set by sustained notes

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34
Q

(Eleanor Rigby) what variations in texture is there?

A

doubling

contrapuntal

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35
Q

(Everywhere) describe the sonority

A 
sung by McCartney with automatic double-tracking
lead guitar
bass guitar
acoustic guitar
drums
vocals
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36
Q

(Everywhere) What is the texture?

A

Mel-dom-hom

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37
Q

(Everywhere) What does the guitar alternate between?

A

block and broken chords

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38
Q

(Everywhere) What form is the piece?

A

binary with an intro and coda

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39
Q

(Everywhere) Describe the vocal line

A

syllabic

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40
Q

(Everywhere) What does the intro outline?

A

broken triads

closing on the dominant

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41
Q

(Everywhere) Is there parallel movement?

A

yes

42
Q

(Everywhere) Is the harmony regularly phrased?

A

yes

2+2+1+1+1+1

43
Q

(Everywhere) how is the melody counterphrased against the background?

A

1+2+2+3

44
Q

(Everywhere) what is the melody characterised by?

A 
wide range (9th)
free movement between monotone passages, conjunct movement and leaps
45
Q

(Everywhere) name four harmonic/melodic features

A

appoggiatura
dissonance
false relation
harmonic sequence

46
Q

(Everywhere) What is the key?

A

Gm

47
Q

(Everywhere) describe the coda

A

Rising line with plagal cadence to close

48
Q

(Everywhere) what’s the tempo?

A

Moderate

84cpm

49
Q

(Everywhere) is there rubato?

A

Yes - intro before the steady pulse is established

50
Q

(Everywhere) what’s the metre?

A

4/4 with one bar of 7/8

51
Q

(Everywhere) How does the word setting have a conversational quality?

A

flexible rhyme schemes carries over the starts of beats
scotch snaps
syncopation

52
Q

(I want) What does the song express?

A

avalanche of thoughts that are so hard to transmit

53
Q

(I want) How is the sense of frustration evident?

A

dissonant harmony

54
Q

(I want) list the instruments

A 
Harrisons double tracked vocals
lead guitar
bass guitar
piano
drum kit
tambourine
maracas 
handclaps
55
Q

(I want) describe the harmonisation

A

three-part vocal harmonisation

Lennon and McCartney supporting Harrison

56
Q

(I want) what is the texture?

A

melody-dominated-homophony

57
Q

(I want) what’s the key?

A

A major

58
Q

(I want) what is the song built on?

A

limited amount of material

fades in with guitar riff in which dominant 7th is prominent

59
Q

(I want) How do the chords alternate?

A

between I and IV

60
Q

(I want) How is desperation conveyed?

A

fragmentary nature of melodic setting

dislocated phrases of varying lengths

61
Q

(I want) how do the vocal ranges vary?

A

lead = major 7th

harmonising voices rise higher at the end of each statement

62
Q

(I want) How does the harmony hint at the difficulty of transmitting thoughts?

A

Its limited number of chords
Acciaccaturas
Jolting effect of sudden shift to the B7
Jarringly dissonant Em 9th chord

63
Q

(I want) When does the vocal line become more narrow?

A

Bridge

more monotone

64
Q

(I want) When is melisma used?

A

Coda

65
Q

(I want) Describe the tempo?

A

124cpm

brisk quadruple time

66
Q

(I want) what’s present in the guitar riff?

A

jazz quavers

triplet crotchets

67
Q

(I want) what propels the music into the next verse?

A

triplet quavers

68
Q

(I want) What’s typical of verses?

A

insistent crotchets on piano

vocals heavily syncopated

69
Q

(Tomorrow) What’s the song based on?

A

Psychedelic Experience

manual based on the Tibetan book of the dead

70
Q

(Tomorrow) How does the unique sound quality develop?

A

complex studio engineering

71
Q

(Tomorrow) What studio engineering’s used?

A

Automatic double-tracking on Lenins voice
Closing verse distorted using a revolving Leslie speaker
Tape-loops

72
Q

(Tomorrow) What is the closing distorted voice meant to sound like?

A

Tibietan monks

73
Q

(Tomorrow) How many many loops are used?

A

16

74
Q

(Tomorrow) How are tape loops used?

A

‘seagull’ effect
orchestral chord of Bb major
Electric guitar phrased reversed and played at double speed
Sitar-like sound, reversed and played at double speed

75
Q

(Tomorrow) What is solo voice supported by?

A

Drone C along with a bass guitar riff

76
Q

(Tomorrow) What hints at Eastern meditation?

A

Sitar and Tambura

77
Q

(Tomorrow) What produces polyphony?

A

web of tape loops

78
Q

(Tomorrow) What is the key?

A

C with prominent flattened 7th hinting at Mixolydian mode

79
Q

(Tomorrow) What’s the structure?

A

strophic

80
Q

(Tomorrow) Describe the overall structure

A 
Faded-in intro
3 verses
instrumental
four verses
coda
outro
81
Q

(Tomorrow) What do the opening chords outline?

A

tonic broken chord of C

82
Q

(Tomorrow) How do the two last phrases move?

A

from the fifth degree up to the flattened 7th then the tonic

83
Q

(Tomorrow) What’s wider and more random in range?

A

melodic material of the tape loop

84
Q

(Tomorrow) describe the overall tempo

A

vocal part is moderate and contrasts with feverish activity in other parts

85
Q

(Tomorrow) Name four rhythmic devices

A

syncopation
triplet crotchets
triplet quavers in guitar solo loop
dotted rhythms and scotch snaps in guitar solo loop

86
Q

(Here There And Everywhere) What are the key chords in the intro?

A

G, B, Bb, Am, D7

87
Q

(Here There And Everywhere) What are the key chords in A?

A

G, Am, Bm, C

88
Q

(Here There And Everywhere) What are the key chords in B?

A

I, VI, II, III/V7, I

89
Q

(I Want To Tell You) What chord is common?

A

A7

90
Q

Other examples of a musique concrete

A

Pierre Schaeffer, invented it, Etude auxcheming de ter 1948’ - train sounds
Radio head ‘paranoid android’ - tack piano

91
Q

Bride over troubled water

A 
Simon and Garfunkel
Ballad
verse-chorus
repetitive
interesting harmony e.g dim plus sus 4 chord
Eb major
syncopated
tonic pedal
syllabic
word painting
vietnam
92
Q

Waterloo sunset

A 
Kinks
1967
four-peace beat combo (typical band)
Homophonic with some layering
heterphonic when the bass plays a simple melody an octave below
AABA
E major
Diatonic and functional harmony
Conjunct and repetitive with the main hook using a 5 note cell - Csharp, B, E, Csharp, B
4 bar rhythm and medium tempo
drum fills
93
Q

Don’t look back in anger

A 
Oasis
Guitar-based line-up
Piano simple root position quaver chords
High tessitura
syllabic
double-tracking
mel-dom'hom variety from guitar licks
verse-chorus
narrow rsnge of a 6th
pentatonic
blues notes
continuous quavers
syncopation
94
Q

A day in the life context

A

1967 album sergeant
beatles
concept album about loneliness

95
Q

A day in the life sonority

A 
four track technology
panning
overdubbing
mel-dom-hom
orchestral section
96
Q

A day in the life structure

A

modified structure

97
Q

A day in the life tonality

A 
G major
focus on submediant (E major)
No use of dominant (D)
circle of fifths
Atonal section
98
Q

A day in the life harmony

A

I-III-VI7-IV
plagal cadence
descending bass line spans a minor 7th
fifths

99
Q

A day in the life melody

A

diatonic
pentatonic
disjunct
repetition

100
Q

A day in the life rhythm

A 
4/4
mostly crotchets and quavers
few syncopations
triplets
sextuplet semiquavers
101
Q

You can get it if you really want it

A 
Desmond Dekker and the Aces
close harmony backing
trumpets
homophonic
homorhythm
Db major - no mmodulations
three diatonic primary chords of Db major
main hook = 3 pitch figure which dominates the song
strong quadruple rhythm
102
Q

Beatles context

A

Beatlemania
1966
three months at EMI with producer George Martin and sound engineer Geoff Emerick
multi-tracking
Indian influences, psychedelia and musique concrete

Music (19 decks)

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