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Bach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four features of a cantanta?

A

For voice and instruments, in several movements
Medium length
Sacred or secular
Some movements for soloists, some for chorus

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2
Q

What was this pieces original purpose?

A

For reformation day. A major festival in the Lutheran church

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3
Q

Where does the melody originally come from?

A

Martin Luthers Choral

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4
Q

Is the melody conjunct or disjunct?

A

Conjunct

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5
Q

How is each phrase of the melody heard in movement one?

A

In turn

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6
Q

Which phrase is particularly ornamented?

A

phrase 1

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7
Q

What instruments are working in canon?

A

3 oboes and the violone

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8
Q

In movemet two is the melody more ornamented?

A

The ornamentation is more intense

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9
Q

Who is the soloist doubled by?

A

Solo oboe and additional ornamentation

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10
Q

Which part is not related to the choral melody?

A

The bass solo

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11
Q

How does Bach create melodic extension and development?

A

Extended melismas

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12
Q

How does Bach create instrumental character?

A

Bold leaps in non-melismatic passages

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13
Q

What are the vocal parts based on?

A

Triadic shapes and repeated notes

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14
Q

What form is movement 8 in?

A

Congregational form

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15
Q 
Which of the following are used in the melody?
Chromaticism
Triplets
Doubling
Turns
A

Chromaticism

Doubling

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16
Q

What type of harmony does Bach use?

A

Functional

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17
Q

Why does he use functional harmony and how?

A

To establish the major and minor keys through tonic and dominant triads

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18
Q

What do passing notes create in movement 8?

A

Additional rhythmic movement and melodic flow

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19
Q

How is the harmony enhanced?

A

The addition of non-triadic notes

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20
Q

Where is there dissonance?

A

In suspensions

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21
Q

What is the overall structure of the 8 movements?

A 
Chorus
Duet
Recitative
Aria
Chorus
Recitative
Duet
Chorus
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22
Q

What does the structure of movement one depend on?

A

Structure of chorale melody

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23
Q

What are the 9 phrases of the choral?

A 
Ein feste burg
Ein gute wenler
En wilft vus furei
Die usis itzt hat
Der alte bose Feind
Mit Ernst
Grob Macht
Sein grawson Rustury
Auf End ist Nicht
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24
Q

What is the tonic?

A

D major

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25
Q

What does the piece modulate to?

A 
G
A
F sharp minor
E minor
B minor
C sharp minor
26
Q

How is movement 8 harmonised?

A

Homophonic style

27
Q

Why is there so little minor tonality in movement 8?

A

Theme is confidence in god and Bach would’ve wanted to avoid any contrary ideas

28
Q

What is the arrangement of the doubling?

A

Soprano, alto and tenor voices are doubled by the first, second violas and the viola
The bass is frequently doubled by the cellos

29
Q

Why is there 3 oboes?

A

To help bring out the choral melody

30
Q

When does the violone play?

A

Only in canonic sections - answering the oboes

31
Q

What else is used to bring out the choral melody?

A

The added trumpets

32
Q

What does the organ provide?

A

Harmonic support

33
Q

How is movement 2 contrasting?

A

Soprano and bass solos
First and second violins play in unison
There is a continuo

34
Q

What is an Oboe D’amoure?

A

A mezzo-soprano oboe with a gentler sound

35
Q

What are the indicated dynamics?

A

Like in most Baroque works there is no indicated dynamics

36
Q

What is the texture of movement one?

A

Contrapuntal throughout

37
Q

Why is the treatment of phrases 1 and 3 special?

A

They create fugal expositions

38
Q

What is hetrophony?

A

The simultaneous presentation of two versions of a melody

39
Q

What is the texture of movement 2?

A

Contrapuntal throughout

40
Q

What is the texture of movement 8?

A

Homophonic - Soprano accompanied by alto, tenor and bass

41
Q

Why are there no tempo directions?

A

Performers were expected to judge the tempo from the character and note values

42
Q

What is special about the cut common time signature?

A

Normally represents simple duple time but in earlier music it represents 2 minims per bar

43
Q

What is the time sig. of movement 2 and 8?

A

Simple quadruple

44
Q

How does Bach achieve textural clarity in movements one and two?

A

Through different rhythmic patterns and note values

45
Q

Why does the canon stand out?

A

Use of long note values/augmented

46
Q

Where is the most quaver movement in movement 8?

A

In the lower parts

47
Q

Where are the only pair of semi-quavers in movement 8?

A

Final phrase

48
Q

What is the purpose of fermatas?

A

To mark out the final chords

49
Q

What chords does no.2 intro outline?

A

I,V, IV

50
Q

What chords are outlined in No.8?

A

I, V IV, II

51
Q

Dixit Dominus melody

A 
latin - catholic
orchestral intro
not set
less doubling in instruments
leaps of octave and 7th
mostly conjunct
scalic
repetative
cantusfirmus
sequencing
melismas
descending
52
Q

dixit dominus harmony

A 
functional
lots of perfect cadences
repetative
some chromaticism
accidentals
53
Q

dixit dominus key

A

Gm

no modulations

54
Q

dixit dominus Rhythm/tempo/metre

A 
Repetitive
busy but not complex
basso continuo
cross rhythms
crotchet rests
semiquaver scales
motopapetuo semiquavers in strings
55
Q

dixit dominus composer and date

A

Handel 1707

56
Q

dixit dominus sonority

A

SATB
no dynamic markings
2 violas, 2 violins, basso continuo

57
Q

Handel and the Glory of the lord

A 
1742
The Messiah
Basso continuo
A major
SATB
Polyphonic
canon
melismatic
doubling
hemiola, sequence, ostinato
peddles and cadences
58
Q

Comparisons

A 
Glory of the lord
St. Nicolas
Jerusalem
Messiah
Wachet auf
Telemann
Nelson Mass
59
Q

Context

A 
1731
reformation sunday
baroque
first performed in Lepizig at St Thomas Church
Bach musical director
over 800 chorales
60
Q

What did the cantata originally come from?

A

composition Bach wrote in 1715 at Easter

Ales Was Von Gott Geboren

Music (19 decks)

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