Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

01. AT 2025 > SA08 - Theory of Design > Flashcards

SA08 - Theory of Design Flashcards

1
Q

Intro to SAA

Definition of SAA

A

Ammunition for weapons such as pistols, rifles and machine guns below 20 mm in calibre.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intro to SAA - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

What are the 4 parts of a complete SAA round?

A
  • Cartridge case
  • Ignition system
  • Propellant charge
  • Projectile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intro to SAA

Definition of Calibre

A

The diameter of the barrel of the weapon measured between opposing lands of the rifling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intro to SAA

What are cartridge case designed to do?

A

Designed to
* Hold the propellant charge,
* Incorporate the ignition system,
* Retain the projectile
* Provide obturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intro to SAA

What cartridge case must do?

A
  • Sufficiently elastic to expand to provide obturation
  • Contract to all extraction
  • Resist corrosion
  • Strong enough to withstand transportation and handling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intro to SAA - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Cartridge case design is influenced by various factors. What are they?
or
The contour of the cart case depends on what factors?

A
  • Role of the ammunition
  • Type of weapon
  • Projectile design
  • Ignition system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intro to SAA

Why is brass used for cartridge cases?

A

Brass provides ideal combination of:
* Strength
* Hardness
* Elasticity
* Resistance to corrosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intro to SAA

Why is soft mouth necessary in SAA?

A
  • Expand as soon as pressure rises in chamber
  • Establishes an early seal
  • Prevents gas leakage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Intro to SAA

Why is hard base necessary in SAA?

A
  • Enable case to withstand internal pressure and rearward thrust from propellant gases
  • Stresses applied by extractors
    * Chambering/rechambering rounds
    * Extraction of empty cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intro to SAA

Methods of securing bullet to the case

A

REMEMBER CCPICS
- Canneluring
- Coning
- Press fit
- Indenting
- Crimping
- Stabbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intro to SAA - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Types of bases on cart cases

A
  • Rimmed
  • Rimless
  • Semi-rimless
  • Belted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intro to SAA - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Types of ignition system in SAA

A
  • Integral Anvil (Berdan)
  • Separate Anvil (Box)
  • Rimfire
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intro to SAA

What are the factors that govern SAA projectile design?

A
  • Target characteristics
  • Effect required on the target
  • Maximum effective range
  • Ballistics
  • Type of weapon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intro to SAA

Characteristics of short range projectiles

A
  • Fired at low velocities
  • Not required to maintain stability over long ranges
  • Ballistic shape is relatively unimportant
  • 9mm Parabellum, short and snub nosed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intro to SAA

Characteristics of long range projectiles

A
  • Long and narrow with pointed tips and long ogives to reduce nose drag
  • Base of projectile maybe streamlined or boat tailed
  • Centre of gravity is important as it effects stability in flight
  • Improved stability and reduced drag retain velocity and accuracy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intro to SAA

Colour coding of projectile tips

A
  • Black – AP
  • Silver – API
  • Blue – Incendiary
  • Yellow – Observing
  • Red – Tracer
  • Purple - Low-vis tracer
  • Uncoloured - Ball
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intro to SAA

How is accuracy acheived and the factors that influence accuracy?

A

Accuracy depends on achieving consistent muzzle velocity (MV). This is influenced by:
* Loading exact quantities of propellant
* Consistent burning of the propellant
* Separation of the projectile from the cartridge case at correct pressure
* Achieving efficient obturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Intro to SAA - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

What are the permanent markings on SAA

A
  • Manufacturers label
  • Year of manufacture (2 digits)
  • Calibre
  • Model number
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Definition of grenade.

A
  • A grenade is a small explosive store designed for projection by hand or from a personal weapon.
  • Occasionally a special discharger or launcher may be used.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Grenade designs are categorised by their intended means of delivery to the target and their payload /type. What are normal means of delivery?
or
Design characteristics of grenades

A
  • Hand Thrown.
  • Projected - Rifle launched/gun fired.
  • Discharger- Weapon/vehicle launched.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Payload types of grenades

A

REMEMBER FISHH PIC
- Flash and Noise (Stun)
- Incendiary
- Smoke
- High Explosive Anti Personnel. Defensive - Offensive.
* High Explosive Anti Tank - (HEAT) and Dual Purpose.
* Practice.
* Illuminating.
- Chemical or irritant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Components of grenade

A
  • Body
  • Filling
  • Fragmentation
  • Fuze Cavity
  • Fuze

Memorise the diagram (slide 15 of grenade powerpoint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Intro to Grenades

Components of grenade fuze

A
  • Safety Pin.
  • Fly off lever - held by thrower after pin removed to prevent premature initiation.
  • Spring - held under tension.
  • Striker. Percussion cap.
  • Detonator.
  • Delay pellet

Memorise the diagram (slide 17 of grenade powerpoint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION

Types of HE grenades and the difference between them

A
  • Offensive (Blast) - inflicts casualties by blast shock wave
  • Defensive (HE Fragmentation) - inflicts casualties by fragmentation projected at high velocity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
# Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is a Defensive Grenade?
- These grenades are designed for use when the thrower is fully or partially protected in a defensive position. - The large lethal area is achieved using fragments projected at high velocity.
26
# Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is an Offensive Grenade?
* Offensive grenades rely solely on the effect of blast for their anti personnel effect. * To cause any physical damage to a man, a blast grenade must burst very close to him or at least in a confined space with him. * Their usual effect is to stun or disorientate a man so that he is incapable of rational reaction for a short period of time.
27
# Intro to Grenades What are the 2 purposes of dual purpose grenades
- HEAT - Fragmentation
28
# Intro to Grenades Type of smoke grenades
- Screening - Signalling
29
# Intro to Grenades Explain Chemical/ Irritant Anti riot grenade
* Filled with lachrymatory or irritant compositions. * The emission principle is rarely used now, since rioters tended to throw them back! * Current designs utilise a rubber body containing a large number of primed CS pellets, that on initiation, create gas pressure bursting the body, and spreading the pellets.
30
# Intro to Grenades What are flash and noise stun grenades
* The police and special forces use stun or disorientation grenades as a non-lethal weapon. * They incorporate pyrotechnic powders which produce high noise (in excess of 130 db) and flash values sufficient to disorientate anyone in the vicinity. * Designed to produce no fragmentation. * Stun and disorientate. * Blinding flash load report and mild blast. * Single or multiple functioning.
31
# Intro to Grenades What are incendiary grenades used for
* Used for numerous tasks, including; * as an IEDD Tool. * as an initiator. * Body colour normally RED.
32
# Intro to Grenades What are illum grenades used for?
* Primarily used by police and Search and Rescue (SAR) teams * Can be operated as both a trip flare and grenade.
33
# Intro to Grenades Discharger grenades
* Originally fitted on AFVs to provide an immediate localised smoke screen, their use has now extended to Anti-riot and HE fragmentation variants. * Electrically initiated, they have a small propelling charge that simultaneously ejects the grenade from the discharger barrel and ignites the main filling.
34
# Intro to Grenades What are projected grenades?
Grenades that are rifle or weapon launched.
35
# Intro to Grenades - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION How does a weapon lauched grenade function?
* The low-pressure system uses a two-pressure cartridge system to reduce recoil. * On initiation the gas pressure builds in the high pressure chamber before escaping into the low-pressure chamber. * **This reduction in pressure reduces the recoil and Muzzle Velocity.** * The grenade is spin stabilised with ranges from 30 m to 400 m achievable
36
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What are the two sections of an FFR?
* Motor (including the combustion chamber , fins (if applicable) and nozzle) * Warhead (including the fuze)
37
# Intro to FFR Different parts of rocket motor
* Casing * Combustion Chamber * Propellant * Igniter * Nozzle (s) * Fins (if not spin stabilised)
38
# Intro to FFR Why are solid propellants preferred for FFR’s?
Due to reliability and simplicity in use.
39
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What are 2 types propellants used in FFRs?
- Solid (main and preferred) - Liquid
40
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What type of nozzle is used in FFR?
The normal type of nozzle used is a convergent-divergent type (De Laval Nozzle)
41
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is the purpose of De Laval nozzles in FFR?
Purpose is to change heat and pressure into kinetic energy.
42
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Different types of warheads in FFRs
* Nuclear. * HE. * Chemical (including smoke). * Preformed Fragments. * Sub Munitions. * Terminally Guided Munitions, and * Practice munitions.
43
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What type of warheads can be shoulder launched?
Shape charge/ HEAT
44
# Intro to FFR What fuze does a rocket has?
* Normally positioned inside ballistic nose cone of rocket and designed to function on impact. * Exception is 66mm PIBD.
45
# Intro to FFR What is the aim of rocket launcher?
To support and aim the rocket
46
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION How to offset thrust misalignment
Spin combined with fins, offsets the effect of thrust misalignment as well as forces produced by fin misalignment.
47
# Intro to FFR - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION 3 Factors that affect rocket accuracy
* Surface Cross Winds * Propellant Burning Rate * Launcher Induced Errors
48
# Intro to FFR List four characteristics of FFR motors?
* Only use boost motors (high energy release over a short time span). * Motor casing must be strong enough to withstand the pressure and temperature of combustion. * Usually made of various steels, however have been made from glass reinforced plastics. * De Lavel nozzles normally used (convergent – divergent)
49
# Intro to RCL - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Advantages of RCL
* NO RECOIL * LOW WEIGHT * MAN PORTABLE (84MM)
50
# Intro to RCL - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION DISADVANTAGES of RCL
* LOW VELOCITY * FLASH / DUST SIGNATURE * LARGE PROPELLING CHARGE
51
# Intro to RCL Characteristics of 84MM Carl Gustav M2, M3 & M4
* Two man operated * Breech loaded * Percussion fired * Recoilless gun * Primarily an armour defeating weapon but can be used against emplacements and hard targets * Types: HE, HEAT, HEDP, SMK, ILLUM, ASM & PRAC
52
# Intro to RCL Types of 84mm ammo
* HE * HEAT * HEDP * SMK * ILLUM * ASM * PRAC
53
# Intro to RCL Name and model number of different in-service 84mm
* Cart 84mm HEAT FFV 551 - has rocket assist * Cart 84mm HE FFV 441B - has time fuze * Cart 84mm HEDP FFV 502 - * Cart 84mm ASM 509 * Cart 84mm Illum FFV 545 - ET fuze * Cart 84mm ATK Prac TPT 65 - * Cart 84mm ATK Prac TPT 141 * Cart 84mm TP 552 * Adapter 84mm Sub-cal
54
# Intro to RCL Different types of sub cal used for RCL
* Adapter 84mm Sub-cal (6.5mm Trac and Ball) * Adapter 84mm Sub-cal (7.62mm Trac and Ball) * Adapter 84mm Sub-cal (Cart 20mm Tracer 20/502)
55
# Intro to RCL State the principle of RCL
If two weights can be fired at equal velocity then the weapon will be recoilless.
56
# Intro to RCL In the RCL system, the breech obturator is replaced by what?
Venturi
57
# Intro to Artillery What type of fire system does M777A2 has?
The gun has both optical fire control system (OFCS) and digital fire control system (DFCS) equipment
58
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Rates of fire for M777
* Maximum: 4 rpm for 2 minutes; * Sustained: 2 rpm; * After 30 minutes the rate of fire is dropped to 1 rpm (the electronic thermal warning device [ETWD] may determine the rate of fire).
59
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Characteristics of HE M107 Projectile
* Comp B main fill * Thin walled and steel body * Tapered boat tail * Single driving band * Overall Body Colour (OBC) – Olive Drab * Markings - Yellow
60
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What are the effects of projectile HE M107
Blast and Fragmentation
61
# Intro to Artillery Characterisitics of SMART DM702A1
* Fire and Forget all weather: * 2 x Sub munitions * Main Fill – HMX, Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP) warhead * Infra Red (IR) and Millimetric Wavelength (MMW) * Nickel coated stainless steel body * Electronic Time (ET) * OBC – Green * Markings - Yellow
62
# Intro to Artillery Characterisitics of propellat M232A1 MACS
* MACS – triple based propellant * Bi-directional modular increments * 5 modules per canister * Alternate end igniters/CBI * Flash reducers contained * OBC – Tan * Markings – Black * End igniter - Red
63
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION How may WP wedges are in the 155mm WP M825A1 ?
116
64
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION How is XM982 Excalibur guided?
GPS Guided
65
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Types of projetiles for M777
- HE M107 - HE M795 - SMART DM702A1 - HE XM982 Excalibur - Illuminating M485A2 - WP M825A1
66
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Types of propellant used in M777
- M232A1 MACS - Tan - M231A1 MACS - Green - Reducer Flash M2 - M3A1 Green - M4A2 White
67
# Intro to Artillery - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What primer is used in M777?
Primer Percussion M82
68
# Intro to Mortars - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Types of mortar fire
REMEMBER - DISH CCP * Defensive fire * Illuminating * Smoke (screening and blinding); * Harassing fire * Covering fire * Counter Battery fire * Preparation fire
69
# Intro to Mortars What is a mortar?
* Closed metal tube designed to project a bomb into the air so that it follows a predetermined trajectory * Easy & simple to handle and operate * Provides the infantryman with a light weight * indirect fire weapon that is readily available
70
# Intro to Mortars - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Characteristics of mortar
* Smooth Bore * No Recoil Mechanism * Restricted to use at elevations above 800 mils * Muzzle loaded
71
# Intro to Mortars - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Components of mortar
- Barrel - Base plate - Pod (bipod, tripod, monopod) - Sight
72
# Intro to Mortars What are 4 types of in-service mortar ammunition?
* HE * Smoke WP and RP * Illumination – IR iIlumination and Visible Light * Training - Inert projectiles which may be used with percussion primer and ignition cartridge or Sub- calibre inserts
73
# Intro to Mortars Types of in-service 60mm mortar
- HE - Illum - Illum IR - SMK WP - Prac
74
# Intro to Mines Definition of a mine
An explosive or other material, normally encased, designed to destroy or damage vehicles, boats or aircraft, or designed to wound, kill or otherwise incapacitate personnel. It may be detonated by the action of its victim by the passage of time, or by controlled means.
75
# Intro to Mines Effects of mines by obstales presented to the enemy
* Disrupt * Turn * Fix * Block
76
# Intro to Mines Characteristics of a mine
* All weather, 24hr capability * Psychological effect * Contribution to the destruction of the enemy * CBRN resistant * Cost effective
77
# Intro to Mines Operational characteristics of mine
- Sensitivity - Ease of laying - Resistant to countermeasures - Delayed arming - Sterilisation (Neutralisation) - Self-neutralisation - Self-destruct - Remote control - Recording and marking
78
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION For control there are several technical solutions. What are they?
- Self-neutralisation - Self-destruct - Remote control
79
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is self-neutralisation?
* Sophisticated and high cost mines should be capable of self neutralisation (SN) after a pre set time period * Short term sterilisation mechanisms are usually electronic * Battery voltage decay may be used
80
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is self-destruct?
Mines which are difficult to detect or clear, or those with low explosive content should be Self Destruct (SD), which negates the need for clearance. The time delay in these devices is normally pre set at the time of their launch.
81
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is remote control for mines?
Tactically advantageous to communicate with mines, for mines to communicate with some form of centralised control, or for mines to communicate with one another
82
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Components of a mine
- Warhead - Sensor and fuze - Safety and arming unit - Power source - Case
83
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Types of warhead in a mine
- HE Blast (AP/AT) - Shrapnel (AP/ Helicopter) - Shape charges/ EFPs (Tank belly/ top)
84
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Types of AT mines
PASS - Pattern - Area defence - Scatterable - Side Attack
85
# Intro to Mines Different ways AT mines attack tanks
* Top attack * Side attack * Belly attack * Track attack * Full width attack
86
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Types of AP mines
- Pressure activated/ Direct contact AP mines - Omni-Directional Fragmentation AP Mines - Directional Fragmentation AP Mines
87
# Intro to Mines 2 examples of helicopter mines
- AHM 200 (Bulgaria) - DNG Giant Heli-shotgun (Austria)
88
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Methods of laying mines
- Hand laying - Mechanical laying - Scatterable mine laying systems - Vehicle - Shielder - Artillery - Aircraft
89
# Intro to Mines Ways to counter mines or Mine countermeasures
- Hand breaching - Mechanical breaching - Explosive breaching
90
# Intro to Mines - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION 3 ways of mechanical breaching of mines
- Flails - Rollers - Ploughs
91
# Intro to Armoured and Tank Ammo - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Components of a tank round
* Combustible Cart Case (CCC) * Case Base and Seal Assembly (CBSA) * Electric Primer M129 or M125 * Main Charge Propellant JA-2 or M14
92
# Intro to Armoured and Tank Ammo - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What is left behind after firing tank round?
- Steel case base - Primer tube
93
# Intro to Armoured and Tank Ammo - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION Two fuze settings of HEAT MP-T
- Impact - Proximity
94
# Intro to SAA - REMEMBER THIS QUESTION What provides forward and rearward obturation to SAA?
* Forward - Projectile * Rearward - Cart case

01. AT 2025 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions