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01. AT 2025 > SA02 - Weapon Design and History of Ammo > Flashcards

SA02 - Weapon Design and History of Ammo Flashcards

1
Q

Greek fire what is it made of?

A

Naphtha, sulphur, pitch

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2
Q

9th century Gunpowder consists of what?

A

Potassium nitrate (saltpetre), sulphur, resin/charcoal

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3
Q

What did Roger Bacon contribute to the development of gunpowder

A

Described the composition and experimented to improve its quality and explosive power.

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4
Q

Why do we create gunpowder grains?

A

Had sufficient room between grains to allow the flash to reach them all equally.

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5
Q

Who created Ballistite in 1887?

A

Alfred Nobel

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6
Q

Three types of propellants? And what are they comprised of?

A

Single - Nitrocellulose (NC)

Double - Nitrocellulose (NC), Nitroglycerine (NG)

Triple - Nitrocellulose (NC), Nitroglycerine, (NG), Nitroguanidine

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7
Q

What did the British call picric acid?

A

Lyddite

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8
Q

RDX Research Development Explosive produced a side product called?

A

HMX, it’s denser and more powerful

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9
Q

What in service EO commonly uses PETN

A

Detcord

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10
Q

Cast Iron Barrels came about in what century?

A

16th

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11
Q

Name 3 early methods of rifling?

A
  • Vavasseur’s Driving Band
  • Woolwich rifling
  • Oval bore
  • French Rifling
  • Hexagonal or Whitworth Rifling
  • Lead coated shell
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12
Q

Who invented the Breech loaded gun?

A

Sir William Armstrong

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13
Q

Martini Henry Rifles suffered from what?

A

Weak cartridges and excessive fouling due to black powder.

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14
Q

Trunnions do what?

A

Absorbs shock and recoil, raise and lower.

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15
Q

Who is credited with the concept of a gun?

A

The monk Black Berthold

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16
Q

What’s the difference between carriages and mountings.

A

Carriages fire with wheels on ground.

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17
Q

What term is used to describe the diameter of a bore?

A

Calibre

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18
Q

What are the components of a super structure

A

Remember SRCBETS
- Saddle
- Recoil system
- Cradle
- Balancing gear
- Elevating gear
- Traversing gears
- Sights

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19
Q

Parts of the basic structure of the gun

A
  • Platform,
  • Articulation,
  • Cradle support,
  • Wheels and axles,
  • Suspension and brakes,
  • Trails,
  • Spades
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20
Q

What are the types of elevating gears?

A

Worm and segment
Nut and screw
Arc and pinion

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21
Q

There are three types of muzzle brakes, what
are they?

A
  • Built up
  • Solid forging
  • Swaged - Double baffle, Single baffle
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22
Q

What is the function of the trail?

A

Transmit recoil forces to the ground
Hold the gun in firing position
Connects the weapon to the vehicle

23
Q

What are the types of trail?

A

Pole trail
Box trail
Split trail
Bowed box trail

24
Q

Who designed the first modern combustion
time fuze?

A

Colonel Boxer

25
What is the desired result when using delay fuzing on HE ammo?
To achieve a much greater cratering affect which can be used to penetrate OHP and enhance the destructive blast effect detonation
26
What are the 5 basic requirements of artillery?
Remember RAAMP - Range - Ammo - Accuracy and Consistency - Mobility - Protection
27
Why do we carry less illuminating ammunition?
- Image intensifiers - Low light television, - Thermal imaging, - Infra Red sights.
28
What are the two main methods used without altering the weapon system to increase range?
- Ballistic coefficient - Post firing boost
29
Define the word accuracy
Measurement of precision with which the MPI of a group of rounds can be placed on a target
30
State 4 variations that affect consistency
- Muzzle velocity - Ballistic coefficient - Weather conditions - Laying, ramming and wear of the gun
31
What are the 2 categories of breech mechanisms?
- Screw - Sliding
32
What do fume extractors aid in?
To prevent the fumes entering the crew compartment.
33
List the methods of barrel construction.
- Wire Wound - Built-up - Loose - Composite - Monobloc
34
What are the two main parts of the gun?
- The Carriage or Mounting - The Ordnance
35
What is a Mortar?
A mortar is a weapon in which the main recoil force is transmitted directly to the ground through a base-plate. It is usually smooth-bore, muzzle loading, firing a fin-stabilised bomb,with its own propelling charge, at low MV and high trajectory.
36
4 main characteristics/ design features of Mortars.
- Smooth Bore - No Recoil Mechanism - Restricted to use at elevations above 800 mils - Muzzle loaded - Cannot be fired in a direct fire role
37
4 components of a mortar
- Barrel - Base Plate - Bipod, Tripod or Monopod - Sights
38
What are the 4 current in-service 81mm mortar ammunition?
- HE - SMK (WP and RP) - Illum - Training (Prac, sub-calibre)
39
What are the 5 current in-service 60mm mortar ammunition?
- HE - Illum - Illum IR - SMK WP - Prac
40
Types of Mortar fire
- Preparation fire - Covering fire - Defensive fire - Counter Battery fire - Harassing fire - Smoke (screening and blinding) - Illuminating
41
Types of fuzing for artillery rounds
- Airburst (Prox, time) - Groundburst (PD) - Delay
42
Considerations for the choice of delivery systems
- Nature of task - Terrain - Effect required at target - Range - Mobility - Protection
43
Tasks performed by Indirect fire systems
Remember CICHINDS - Coordination of fires - Interdiction - Counter-battery fire (CBF) - Harassment - Illumination - Neutralisation - Destruction - Suppression
44
Advantages of mortars
Large rate of fire in a small amount of time. High level of mobility. Lethality against unprotected troops. Low velocity. Simple and inexpensive. Easy to operate. Silent in flight. Light weight. Easy to dig in and conceal.
45
Disadvantages of Mortars
No direct or low angle capability. Easy to locate. Limited range capability. High angle fire results in long time in flight. Requirement to bed in.
46
What is a Free Flight Rocket (FFR)?
- A tube open at one end in which fuel is burnt, the gases form the burning fuel escape out of the opened end. - The momentum of escaping gases causing an equal and opposite reaction on the closed end. - The projectile flight path cannot be changed.
47
Advantages of FFR
- Large rate of fire in a short period of time: Major advantage. - Range increase incurs only a small weight penalty. - Able to saturate an area quickly. - Greater potential as carrier.
48
Disadvantages of FFR
- Sustained rates of fire can be a problem:Reload. - Flat trajectory. - Inferior Range, Accuracy, Consistency.
49
The preferred method of stabilisation of mortar rounds is __________(a) stabilised. ______________(b) stabilisation is not preferred because it increases the mechanical complexity of the weapon and _________(c) the rate of fire.
(a) Fin (b) Spin (c) Reduces
50
What is the major advantage of FFR when employed as indirect fire support weapons?
Large rate of fire in a short period of time.
51
What is smoke designed to do on a battlefield?
- Blind the enemy observation and inhibit the use of aimed direct fire and observed indirect fire. - Screen movements of troops from enemy. - Marking targets for engagements by other weapon systems.
52
Explain windage
- The calibre of mortar bomb must be considerably less than that of the mortar tube from which it is being fired otherwise it could not be loaded. - For the bomb to drop straight to the bottom of the barrel without being supported to the cushion of the air there must be a gap between the outer wall of the bomb and inner wall of the tube.
53
How can the life of a barrel be extended?
Life can be extended by the use of; - Cooler burning propellants. - Barrel cooling techniques. - Bore surface finishes such as chrome and molybenedium.
54
8. How HE mortar bombs can be influenced?
* Thick skinned – Hot fiery frag * Thin skinned – pre-cast frag

01. AT 2025 (35 decks)

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