SA Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
Inclusive organs involved in the formation and excretion of urine and organs of male/female repro.
Urogenital system
What are the boundries of the pelvic inlet?
Laterally and ventrally: acurate line of the ilium
Dorsally: Sacrum
What are the boundries of the pelvic outlet?
Ventral: Ischiatic arch
Dorsal: first caudal vertebra
Lateral: soft tissue
What are the 2 primary muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?
- Coccygeus
2. Levator ani
Which pelvic diaphragm muscle is the most lateral?
Coccygeus
Which pelvic diaphragm muscle is the most medial?
Levator ani
What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?
anchors the urogenital tract
Why is the pelvic diaphragm important in pregnant animals?
prevents sinking of the abdomen and displacement during parturition
What are the boundries of the Ischiorectal fossa?
Lat: Ischial tuber and sacrotuberous lig.
Med: pelvic diaphragm
Vent: pelvic floor
Base: Skin
Continuation of the colon that begins at the pelvic inlet
Rectum
Continuation of the rectum to the anus
Anal Canal
What are the 3 zones of the Anal canal?
- Columnar
- Intermediate
- Cutaneous
zone of the anal canal where the mucosa of the rectum forms longitudinal folds
Columnar
Zone of the Anal canal that is between the columnar and cutaneous zone
Intermediate
Zone of the Anal canal that contain fine hairs and the opening to the perianal sinus
Cutaneous
What is another name for the paranal sinuses?
Anal Sacs
T/F. Paranal sinuses are paired?
T
Paranal sinuses are located b/t the _____ and ______.
internal and external anal sphincter
3 special muscles of the rectum and anal canal
- internal anal sphincter
- external anal sphincter
- Rectococcygeus
Caudal thickened part of the anal canal composed of smooth muscle
Internal anal sphincter
What innervates the internal anal sphincter
pelvic plexus and hypogastric
Muscle of the anal canal that is a Large band of striated muscle under voluntary control
External anal sphincter
Which muscle of the anal canal is the chief guardian of the lumen of the anal canal?
External anal sphincter
Muscle that stabilizes the anal canal and rectum?
Retrococcygeus
Surrounds the anus and vulva and covers the pelvic outlet
Perineum
B/t the tail and scrotum/udder
Perineal region
B/t the anus and the dorsal commissure
Perineal body
Which perinum is sometimes torn during parturition?
Perineal body
What is a perineal hernia?
protrusion of pelvic or abdominal viscera through a weakened or ruptured pelvic diaphragm
Perineal hernias occur b/t the _____ and the ____ mm.
External anal sphincter and levator mm.
What are the 4 peritoneal reflections?
- pararectal fossa
- rectogenital pouch
- vesicogenital pouch
- pubovesical pouch
Peritoneal reflection located above the rectum
Pararectal fossa
where is the rectogenital pouch located in males?
b/t the rectum and the genital fold
Where is the rectogenital pouch located in females?
b/t the uterine horns and uterus
Where is the vesicogenital pouch located in females?
b/t the bladder and uterus
Where is the vesicogenital pouch located in males?
b/t the prostate and genital fold
Peritoneal reflection b/t the urinary bladder and the pubis
Pubovesical pouch
Lig. of the bladder that contains the urachus
median lig.
Lig of the bladder that contains the round lig. of the bladder and ureters
Lateral lig.
What are the 3 portions of the bladder?
- Apex
- Body
- Neck
What forms the trigon of the bladder
ureteric and urethral openings
Folds that are persistent and converge at the exit from the bladder
Urethral crest
The layer of the outer bladder wall that will squeeze and empty the bladder
Detrusor muscle
What is the suburethral diverticulum?
blind pouch found in the urethra of the cow and sow
muscle that surrounds the urethra
urethralis m
What are the 2 parts of the male urethra
- pelvic
2. penile
Elevated region on the urethral crest of the male urethra
Colliculus seminalis
what are the 2 brances off of the aorta that supply the urogenital tract?
- External Iliac
2. Internal Iliac
What are the 3 branches off of the Internal iliac
- Umbilical
- Internal pudendal
- Caudal Gluteal
In the fetus, the umbilical artery (branch off internal iliac) carries blood from ____ to ____.
aorta to placenta
If the umbilical a. is patent in the adult it will give off the _____ which goes where?
Cranial vesical a.
to the apex of the bladder
The remeinent of the umbilical a. in the adult is known as _____
Round lig. of the bladder
The Internal iliac terminates as which 3 branches?
- ventral perineal (caudal rectal)
- urethral
- artery of the penis/clitoris
Main blood supply to the biceps femoris and semitendinosus mm.
Caudal gluteal
The pelvic plexus recieves SNS from the _____
Hypogastric n.
The pelvic plexus recieves PSNS from _____
pelvic n.
What does the pelvic plexus innervate?
Pelvic viscera
Nerve that supplies post synaptic SNS axons to the pelvic plexus and SNS to the pelvic viscera
Hypogastric n.
Nerve that supplies pre-synaptic PSNS axons to the pelvic plexus and PSNS to the pelvic viscera
Pelvic n.
the Genitofemoral n. supplies somatic innervation to the _____ m. and sensory to the _____.
Cremaster m; Skin of proximal medal aspect of the ingunal region (prepuce, scrotum, inguinal mammary gland)
The pudental nerve supplies somatic innervation to the _____ and sensory to the ______
Striated musculature of the perineum;
rectum, anus, scrutum/vulva, penis, clitoris, perineum
Lymph node located b.t the deep circumflex iliac a. and external iliac a.
medial iliac lnn
Lymph node located b/t the internal iliac a. and median sacral a.
Hypogastric lnn
Lymph nodes located ventral to the sacrum
Sacral lnn
Lymph nodes located cranial to the vaginal process in females and along the dorsolateral border of the penis in males.
Superficial inguinal lnn
