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Gross Anatomy 2 > Final Exam: Nociception > Flashcards

Final Exam: Nociception Flashcards

1
Q

The detection of a noxious stimuli though the activation of nociceptors

A

nociception

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2
Q

What are the 3 stimuli for nociception?

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Thermal
  3. Chemical
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3
Q

T/F. The path of nociception of superficial and deep painj are the same!

A

F. Completely diff

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4
Q

What are the 2 main nerve fiber types of nociception?

A
  1. Delta fibers

2. C fibers

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5
Q

Which n. fibers detect, sharp prickling pain?

A

Delta fibers

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6
Q

Which n. fibers detect dull aching burning throbbing pain

A

C fibers

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7
Q

Which n. fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated?

A

c Fibers

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8
Q

Which n fibers are fast conducting and myelinated?

A

Delta fibers

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9
Q

T/F. both n. fiber types innervate skin and deep structures.

A

T

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10
Q

T/F Perception of pain is a reflex?

A

F

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11
Q

T/F reaction to pain is voluntary

A

T

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12
Q

What are the two types of pain?

A
  1. chronic

2. acute

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13
Q

Pain that arises from trauma or inflammation

A

acute

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14
Q

Pain that persists beyond the expected time frame

A

Chronic

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15
Q

The dec. perception of pain

A

Hypoalgesia

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16
Q

Complete absence of pain perception

A

analgesia

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17
Q

The absence of all sensory perception

A

anesthesia

18
Q

What is ARAS

A

ascending reticular activating system

wakefulness system

19
Q

Tract that transmits superficial pain and tactile sensation

A

Spinocervicothalamic tract

20
Q

How can you test superficial pain?

A

lightly and briefly pinch the skin

21
Q

Where is the primary afferent synapse of the spinocericothalamic tract?

A

dorsal horn

22
Q

What tract transmits deep pain?

A

spinoreticularthalamic tract

23
Q

Is deep pain discriminate or indiscriminate

A

indiscriminate, animal cannot accurately id the source

24
Q

How can you test deep pain?

A

apply hemostats to the base of the toenail

25
Q

Which tract is more susceptible to compressive injury? Why?

A

spinocervicothalamic tract

The spinoreticular tract is deeper and more diffuse

26
Q

What does GVA stand for? and what is it?

A

General visceral afferent

relatively indiscriminate, poorly localized b/c of large overlapping fields

27
Q

What does GVA respond to?

A

strech, ischemia, dilation, spasm

28
Q

Released by injured tissues to directly stimulate nociceptors

A

inflammatory mediators

29
Q

What inflammatory mediator is released by injured nerves

A

Substance P

30
Q

What does substance P cause?

A
  1. dilation of blood vessels
  2. degranulation of mast cells
  3. inflammation
  4. inc. sensitization of local nociceptors
31
Q

Substance P contributes to the development of what two things?

A
  1. huyperalgesia (smaller stimulus needed for nociception)

2. allodynia (non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors)

32
Q

occurs with rapid, continuous firing of primary nociceptive afferents

A

Wind up

33
Q

T/F. Wind up produces long term changes that inc. threshold for simulation of pain.

A

F. dec

34
Q

T/F. anesthesia prevents wind up

A

F

35
Q

non-noxious thactile stimulation can help reduce the perception of pain

A

gate control theory

36
Q

What are 4 therapies of gate control theory?

A
  1. compression
  2. massage
  3. water therapy
  4. accupuncture
37
Q

T/F. higher brain centers can modulate pain

A

T

38
Q

How can higher brain centers modulate pain?

A

endorphins, serotonin, norepinephrine

39
Q

T/F differentiation of pain and itch happens at the level of the SC?

A

T

40
Q

arises as a result of injury to the nervous system

A

Neuropathic pain

41
Q

4 causes of neuropathic pain?

A
  1. ltrauma
  2. vascular injury
  3. endocrinopathy
  4. infection
42
Q

unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain, often described as tingling

A

Dysesthesia

Gross Anatomy 2 (27 decks)

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