Final Exam: Nociception Flashcards
The detection of a noxious stimuli though the activation of nociceptors
nociception
What are the 3 stimuli for nociception?
- Mechanical
- Thermal
- Chemical
T/F. The path of nociception of superficial and deep painj are the same!
F. Completely diff
What are the 2 main nerve fiber types of nociception?
- Delta fibers
2. C fibers
Which n. fibers detect, sharp prickling pain?
Delta fibers
Which n. fibers detect dull aching burning throbbing pain
C fibers
Which n. fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated?
c Fibers
Which n fibers are fast conducting and myelinated?
Delta fibers
T/F. both n. fiber types innervate skin and deep structures.
T
T/F Perception of pain is a reflex?
F
T/F reaction to pain is voluntary
T
What are the two types of pain?
- chronic
2. acute
Pain that arises from trauma or inflammation
acute
Pain that persists beyond the expected time frame
Chronic
The dec. perception of pain
Hypoalgesia
Complete absence of pain perception
analgesia
The absence of all sensory perception
anesthesia
What is ARAS
ascending reticular activating system
wakefulness system
Tract that transmits superficial pain and tactile sensation
Spinocervicothalamic tract
How can you test superficial pain?
lightly and briefly pinch the skin
Where is the primary afferent synapse of the spinocericothalamic tract?
dorsal horn
What tract transmits deep pain?
spinoreticularthalamic tract
Is deep pain discriminate or indiscriminate
indiscriminate, animal cannot accurately id the source
How can you test deep pain?
apply hemostats to the base of the toenail
Which tract is more susceptible to compressive injury? Why?
spinocervicothalamic tract
The spinoreticular tract is deeper and more diffuse
What does GVA stand for? and what is it?
General visceral afferent
relatively indiscriminate, poorly localized b/c of large overlapping fields
What does GVA respond to?
strech, ischemia, dilation, spasm
Released by injured tissues to directly stimulate nociceptors
inflammatory mediators
What inflammatory mediator is released by injured nerves
Substance P
What does substance P cause?
- dilation of blood vessels
- degranulation of mast cells
- inflammation
- inc. sensitization of local nociceptors
Substance P contributes to the development of what two things?
- huyperalgesia (smaller stimulus needed for nociception)
2. allodynia (non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors)
occurs with rapid, continuous firing of primary nociceptive afferents
Wind up
T/F. Wind up produces long term changes that inc. threshold for simulation of pain.
F. dec
T/F. anesthesia prevents wind up
F
non-noxious thactile stimulation can help reduce the perception of pain
gate control theory
What are 4 therapies of gate control theory?
- compression
- massage
- water therapy
- accupuncture
T/F. higher brain centers can modulate pain
T
How can higher brain centers modulate pain?
endorphins, serotonin, norepinephrine
T/F differentiation of pain and itch happens at the level of the SC?
T
arises as a result of injury to the nervous system
Neuropathic pain
4 causes of neuropathic pain?
- ltrauma
- vascular injury
- endocrinopathy
- infection
unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain, often described as tingling
Dysesthesia
