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Gross Anatomy 2 > Final Exam: Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

Final Exam: Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Part of brain that contains neuron cell bodies

A

Grey matter

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2
Q

Cell bodies inside CNS

A

Nuclei

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3
Q

Cell bodies outside CNS

A

Ganglion

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4
Q

Grey matter is located on the inside/outside of the brain

A

outside

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5
Q

Grey matter is located on the inside/outside of SC

A

Inside

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6
Q

Part of brain containing axons and supporting cells

A

white matter

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7
Q

3 basic anatomical regions of the brain?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. cerebellum
  3. brainstem
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8
Q

2 hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

Right and left hemisphere

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9
Q

how do the right and left hemisphere of the cerebrum communicate?

A

Corpus callosum (CC)

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of convolutions of the cerebrum

A
  1. gyri

2. sulci

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11
Q

elevated folds of he concolutions of the cerebrum

A

gyri

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12
Q

depressed grooves of the cerebrum

A

sulci

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13
Q

Cerebral cortex is made up of grey/white matter.

A

grey

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14
Q

What is the job of the cerebrum?

A

conscious perception of sensory input and initiation of conscious movement

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15
Q

T/F. Reflex pathways to sensory input must relay through the cortex.

A

F. does not

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16
Q

What are the 3 general regions of the cerebrum

A
  1. internal capsule
  2. cerebral cortex
  3. Basal nuclei
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17
Q

region of the cerebrum that is the projection of tracts from the brain stem to the cerebrum

A

internal capsule

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18
Q

is the internal capsule of the cerebrum grey or white matter

A

white

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19
Q

outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex

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20
Q

What are the 3 areas of the cerebral cortex?

A
  1. sensory fields
  2. motor areas
  3. association areas
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21
Q

What are the sensory fields of the cerebral cortex?

A

conscious perception of stimuli

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22
Q

What is the function of motor areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

voluntary movement of skeletal m.

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23
Q

What is the function of association areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

integration of sensory info and planning of voluntary movement, memory, reasoning, judgement, emotion

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24
Q

What is the basal nuclei of the cerebrum?

A

inner layer of grey matter

regulation of movement

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25
Q

5 cortical lobes of each cerebral hemisphere?

A
  1. occipital
  2. parietal
  3. frontal
  4. temporal
  5. piriform
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26
Q

lobe of the cerebral hemishpere for conscious perception of visual info.

A

occipital lobe

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27
Q

lesions associated with the visual cortex of the occiptial lobe may produce _____

A

cortical blindness

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28
Q

What is contained in the parietallobe of the cerebrum

A

somatosensory cotex

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29
Q

What is the function of the somatosensory cotex?

A

conscious proprioception and sensory input form skin

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30
Q

lesions of the parietal lobe can cause:

A
  1. hemineglect
  2. postural reactions
  3. spacial perception deficits
31
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for initiating voluntary motor functions

A

frontal lobe

32
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

A
  1. voluntary motor functions

2. memory and behavior

33
Q

what is contained int he frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

A

sensorimotor cortex

34
Q

Lesions of the frontal lobe:

A
  1. delay of movement
  2. changes in behavior
  3. contralateral C/S
35
Q

What is contained in the temporal lobe of the cerbrum?

A

Auditory cortex

36
Q

what is the function of the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe?

A

perception and interpretation of auditory info

37
Q

What is the function of the piriform lobe of the cerebrum?

A

perception of olfactory info

38
Q

Piriform lobe has strong connections to the _______ system

A

limbic

39
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A

autonomic and emotional reflexes and responses

40
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

coordination and fine tuning of movements

41
Q

The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS via nerve tracts called the ______.

A

cerebellar peduncles (CP)

42
Q

What remains after the cerebellum and cerebrum have been removed:

A

brain stem

43
Q

What are the 7 parts of the brain stem?

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. optic tracts
  4. epithalamus
  5. corpora quadrigemina
  6. pons
  7. medulla oblongata
44
Q

Relay center for all afferent (sensory) information except smell

A

thalamus

45
Q

essential in maintenance of homeostasis, has direct connection to the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

melatonin secretion, circadian rhythns, estrus

A

epithalamus (pineal gland)

47
Q

What are the 2 parts of the corpora quadrigemina

A
  1. rostral colliculus (visual reflexes)

2. caudal colliculus (auditory reflexes)

48
Q

Fibers of the ____ for the cerebellar beduncle

A

pons

49
Q

junction b/t the brain and spinal cord

A

medulla oblongata

50
Q

Group of structures that function in emotional and survival drives. (ring around brainstem?

A

limbic system

51
Q

The 4 F’s of the limbic system:

A
  1. Fighting
  2. Feeding
  3. fleeing
  4. fornicating
52
Q

What is the functions of the thalamus (Th)?

A

conscious sensory input, minus olfaction, relayed through Th before reaching cerebral cortexx

53
Q

Wakes up the cerebral cortex

A

Reticular activating system of the Thalamus (RAS)

54
Q

Blood supply of the spinal cord:

A
  1. ventral spinal a.

2. Dorsal spinal a.

55
Q

main 2 aa. of the brain

A
  1. basilar a.

2. cerebral a. circle (from internal carotid)

56
Q

modification of the collateral suply to the cerebral arterial circle, supplied by br. of the maxillary a. and basilar a.

A

rete mirabile

57
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A
  1. lateral ventricles (1 and 2)
  2. third ventricle
  3. fourthe ventricle
  4. central canal of SC
58
Q

What are the 3 meninges of the brain?

A
  1. dura
  2. arachnoid
  3. pia
59
Q

Which meninges of the brain contains CSF?

A

arachnoid

60
Q

Which menige of the brain is adhered closely to CNS

A

Pia

61
Q

Which meninge of the brain is immediately adjacent to the periosteum of the inside of the skull

A

Dura

62
Q

Where the two dural lyers separate briefly

A

Dural reflections

63
Q

What are the two dural reflections?

A
  1. falx cerebri

2. Tentorium cerebelli

64
Q

Dural reflection b/t the two cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

65
Q

Transverse dural reflection b/t cerebrum and cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

66
Q

Dural reflections are formed where the 2 dural layers separate. space b/t is called ____

A

sinus

67
Q

What is the importance of the sinuses between dural reflections?

A

reabsorption of CSF and venous blood

68
Q

What are the 3 sinuses of the brain?

A 
dorsal sagittal sinus (falx cerebri)
transverse sinus (tentorium cerebelli)
dural sinuses
69
Q

innermost meningeal layer, intimately follows the brain’s gyri and sulci, the region of CSF production

A

Pia Mater

70
Q

Located b/t the cerebellum and brain stem, can be used for CSF collection

A

Cerebellomedullary cistern

71
Q

T/F the spinal meninges is comprised of the same 3 layers

A

T

72
Q

Narrowing of the spinal column at the caudal aspect

A

conus medularis

73
Q

Where the spinal cord no longer exists and there are only individual nerves withing the spinal canal

A

cauda equina

Gross Anatomy 2 (27 decks)

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