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(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) > S3_L5: Back Region > Flashcards

S3_L5: Back Region Flashcards

1
Q

Determine which ligament is being described.

  1. triangular, sheet-like structure in the median sagittal
    plane that supports the head
  2. blends with the supraspinous ligament posteriorly and the ligamenta flava anteriorly on each side.
  3. From vertebra CVII to the skull, the ligament becomes structurally distinct from more caudal parts of the ligament and is called the ligamentum nuchae.

A. Ligamenta flava
B. Supraspinous ligament
C. Ligamentum nuchae
D. Interspinous ligaments

A
  1. C
  2. D
  3. B
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2
Q

Determine which vertebra is being described.

  1. Spine – long and inclined downward
  2. Body – large and kidney shaped
  3. Body – small and broad; oval shaped
  4. Superior articular facets – face posterolateral
  5. Inferior facet – face anteriorly and inferiorly

A. CERVICAL VERTEBRA
B. THORACIC VERTEBRA
C. LUMBAR VERTEBRA
D. ALL
E. NONE

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
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3
Q

The following is true about the IV discs, EXCEPT:

A. make up one fourth of the spinal column’s length
B. serve as shock absorbers when the load on the
vertebral column is increased
C. elasticity allows movement in the spine
D. thickest in the thoracic region where movement is
greatest
E. None

A

D. thickest in the thoracic region where movement is greatest

NOTE: It is thickest in the cervical & lumbar region.

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4
Q

The intermediate group of the back muscles is also referred to as the ______

A

respiratory group

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5
Q

The Thoracolumbar Fascia is a deep fascia situated between (1)_____ and (2)_____

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. 12th rib
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6
Q

This is known as the best site on back where breath sounds may be most easily heard with a stethoscope

A

Auscultatory Triangle

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7
Q

Enumerate the boundaries of the Auscultatory Triangle

A
  1. Latissimus dorsi
  2. Trapezius
  3. Medial border of scapula
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8
Q

This triangle is a site where pus may emerge from the abdominal wall

A

Lumbar Triangle

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9
Q

Enumerate the boundaries of the Lumbar Triangle.

A

1.Latissimus dorsi (posterior)
2. Posterior border of external oblique muscle (anterior)
3. Iliac crest (inferior)

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10
Q

Determine which kind of fracture is being described.

  1. Fracture through pedicle of C2 and compresses
    the cord at this level
  2. Horizontal fracture in the vertebra
  3. C1 fracture secondary to axial load on lop of head with the body stationary

A. Jefferson’s fracture
B. Bosworth fracture
C. Hangman’s fracture
D. Tillaux fracture
E. Chance fracture

A
  1. C
  2. E
  3. A
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11
Q

The following are primary curves, EXCEPT:

A. Kyphotic curve
B. Thoracic curve
C. Lumbar curve

A

C. Lumbar curve

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12
Q

What is the significance of vertebral column?

A

to transmit weight from the head down to the foot

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13
Q

The spine is composed of (1)_____ vertebrae divided into (2)_____ regions

A
  1. 33
  2. 5
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14
Q

When the baby starts to walk, the _____ spine starts to develop

A

lumbar

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Exaggerated lordosis is normal in pregnant women

A

True

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16
Q

Scoliosis is best diagnosed using a/an?

A

x-ray

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17
Q

Case: A pt was dx with 21 degree dextroscoliosis and was referred to you for PT Mx. As a knowledeable pt, what is its laterality?

A

Right

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18
Q

Case: A pt was dx with 21 degree dextroscoliosis and was referred to you for PT Mx. As a knowledeable pt, what is/are your possible intervention/s?

A
  1. Bracing
  2. Stretching & strengthening exercises
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19
Q

Name the 2 methods to measure the angle of scoliosis

A
  1. Cobb Method
  2. Risser-Ferguson Method
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20
Q

This body structure connect pedicles to spinous process

A

Laminae

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21
Q

Most of the time, the spinous processes are directed (1)_____, while transverse processes are directed (2)_____

A
  1. downward
  2. laterally
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22
Q

This is where the spinal nerve passes

A

Intervertebral foramen

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23
Q

Determine which vertebra is being described.

  1. Spine – short, flat, and quadrangular
  2. Body – medium and heart shaped
  3. Vertebral foramen - present
  4. Superior articular facets – face medially
  5. Transverse processes have transverse foramen for the passage of vertebral arteries and veins

A. CERVICAL VERTEBRA
B. THORACIC VERTEBRA
C. LUMBAR VERTEBRA
D. ALL
E. NONE

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
  4. C
  5. A
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24
Q

Determine what movement is resisted by the following ligaments.

  1. Intertransverse ligament
  2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
  3. Ligamentum nuchae
  4. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  5. Ligamentum flava

A. flexion
B. extension
C. contralateral abduction

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: T11 and T12 have no costal facets in the transverse processes, but they have costal facets in the body

A

True

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26
Q

This is when the 1st sacral bone is fused with the 2-4 sacral bone.

A

Sacralization

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27
Q

When a person bends forward, the disc moves ______.

A

backward

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28
Q

What is the region where motion is most limited?

A

thoracic region

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29
Q

Line of gravity starts at?

A

C2

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30
Q

Ankle jerk involves what nerve root?

A

S1

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31
Q

Cremasteric reflex involves what nerve root?

A

L1-L2

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32
Q

Patellar reflex involves what nerve root?

A

L3-L4

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33
Q

Abnormal posture when there is an excessive forward curve of the lumbar spine

A

lordosis

34
Q

These are the gel-like disks found between vertebrae

A

Intervertebral disks

35
Q

What direction is the curve of the thoracic spine?

A

Posterior

36
Q

This is the first curve and thinnest most delicate vertebrae in the spine.

A

cervical vertebrae

37
Q

The first vertebrae (C1) that supports the head and allows for movement of the head up and down is the

A

atlas

38
Q

How many ribs are found in the typical human?

A

12

39
Q

How many pairs of true ribs are there?

A

7

40
Q

What is a common way to get a cervical vertebra fracture?

A. excessive rotation
B. axial loading
C. excessive flexion
D. direct impact to vertebra
E. ALL

A

B. axial loading

41
Q

Which of the following vertebrae is considered the strongest and most massive?

A. cervical
B. thoracic
C. lumbar
D. sacral
E. coccyx

A

C. lumbar

42
Q

Which of the following parts of the spine is considered the most mobile and vulnerable to a wide range of sports injuries?

A. cervical
B. thoracic
C. lumbar
D. sacral
E. coccyx

A

A. cervical

43
Q

The function of the ___________ is to act as a shock absorber for the spine.

A

Intervertebral discs

44
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

45
Q

Which muscle is a border for 2 important triangles?

A. Rhomboid Major
B. Trapezius
C. Latissimus Dorsi
D. Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

C. Latissimus Dorsi

46
Q

Where does multifidus attach?

A. Articular process
B. Transverse process
C. Accessory process
D. Mammilary process

A

D. Mammilary process

47
Q

An accidental gunshot wound during a community hunting expedition tore through the nuchal ligament. Which of the following muscles was likely NOT injured.

A. Trapezius
B. Rhomboid minor
C. Rhomboid major
D. Splenius
E. Serratus posterior superior

A

C. Rhomboid major

48
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A. Levator Scapulae
B. Trapezius
C. Latissimus Dorsi
D. Serratus posterior superior

A

A. Levator Scapulae

49
Q

Which muscle balances the forces that stabilize the vertebral column?

A. Gluteus Maximus
B. Latissimus Dorsi
C. Thoracic Diaphragm
D. Transversus abdominis

A

D. Transversus abdominis

50
Q

Multiple fractures involving the upper cervical transverse processes are likely to involve which muscles of the back?

A. Obliquus capitis muscles
B. Rectus capitis posterior muscles
C. Rhomboids
D. Trapezius
E. None

A

A. Obliquus capitis muscles

51
Q

Which back muscle’s origin is the fascia of the back?

A. Rhomboid major
B. Levator Scapulae
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Trapezius

A

C. Latissimus dorsi

52
Q

Which site is common for dislocation in the vertebral column?

A. C3-C4
B. C5-C6
C. T3-T4
D. T5-T6

A

B. C5-C6

53
Q

Jefferson Fracture would affect which muscle?

A. Obliquus capitis Inferior
B. Rectus Capitus Posterior Major
C. Serratus Posterior Inferior
D. Rhomboid major

A

A. Obliquus capitis Inferior

54
Q

Which of the following is a function of the Serratus Posterior muscles?

A. Help with push ups
B. Swimming muscle
C. Increasing vertical diameter of the thoracic cage
D. Increasing horizontal diameter of the thoracic cage
E. All

A

C. Increasing vertical diameter of the thoracic cage

55
Q

Which of the following is not involved in the triangle of auscultation?

A. Latissimus Dorsi
B. Scapula border
C. Internal Oblique muscle
D. Trapezius

A

C. Internal Oblique muscle

56
Q

The nuchae ligament is an extension of which ligament?

A

Supraspinous ligament

57
Q

Which muscle is considered the swimming muscle?

A. Deltoid
B. Rhomboids
C. Trapezius
D. Latissimus Dorsi

A

D. Latissimus Dorsi

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Dorsal primary rami are larger than the ventral primary rami.

A

False

59
Q

The secondary curve is also known as the (1)______, having the (2)____ and (3)_____ curve develop as the baby grows

A
  1. lordotic
  2. cervical
  3. lumbar
60
Q

This is known as the collapse of one or more vertebral bodies, which results in kyphosis and is often the consequence of infection, metabolic, or congenital irregularities in the vertebrae

A

Gibbus deformity

61
Q

Scoliosis is the (1)______ of vertebral column common in the (2)______ area

A
  1. lateral deviation
  2. thoracic
62
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lateral deviation may be more evident if the examiner uses a plumb bob (plumbline) from the C3 spinous process.

A

False.

NOTE: Use C7 as the landmark

63
Q

Case: A pt was dx with 21 degree dextroscoliosis and was referred to you for PT Mx. As a knowledeable pt, the degree of scoliosis is classified as?

A

Moderate

64
Q

The anterior segment of the vertebra is composed of the?

A

Body

65
Q

The (1)______ are the cylindrical pair at side of arch, while the (2)_____ is the flattened part on each side.

A
  1. pedicle
  2. lamina
66
Q

This is where spinal cord passes through and where spinal nerves exit

A

Vertebral foramen

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The articular processes are vertically arranged and composed of 2
superior and 2 inferior processes. Furthermore, it is covered with hyaline cartilage.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the cervical vertebra, transverse process contains foramen transversarium for the passage of the vertebral artery and veins.

A

True

69
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The sacral promontory (S1) posterior margin of the pelvic inlet. The baby will have an easier time having a normal delivery if sacral promontory is very prominent

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

C. Only the 1st statement is true

70
Q

The following are contents of the sacral canal, EXCEPT:

A. anterior and posterior roots of sacral
nerves
B. filum terminale
C. coccygeal spinal nerves
D. fibrofatty material
E. none

A

E. none

71
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The vertebra prominens has the longest spinous process and is not bifid

A

True

72
Q

Functional unit of the vertebral column is:

A

2 adjacent vertebrae and disc

73
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Intervertebral discs make up one fourth of the spinal column’s length. If you remove them all, you will lose 25% of your height.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. Both statements are true

74
Q

IV discs are thickest in what region/s of the spine?

A

cervical & lumbar

75
Q

These are collagen fibers arranged in concentric layers and protects the nucleus

A

Anulus fibrosus

76
Q

Sudden increase in compression load on the disc (as in bending) causes the nucleus pulposus to thrust in what direction/s?

A

outward and back

77
Q

The superficial group of the back is also known as?

A

appendicular group

78
Q

The following landmarks is where the line of gravity passes when standing, EXCEPT:

A. Odontoid process of axis
B. Posterior to cervical lordosis then passes T1
C. Posterior to the lumbar
D. Behind center of knee and ankle
E. 1 inch in front of S2)

A

D. Behind center of knee and ankle

79
Q

In the cervical region of the spinal cord, the spinal
nerves exit ______ the vertebrae.

A

above

80
Q

This condition is referred to as the anterior slippage of the 5th lumbar vertebra

A

Spondylolisthesis

81
Q

This is the site where pus or lumbar hernia
emerge

A

Lumbar triangle

(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) (13 decks)

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