S1_L1: Introduction to Anatomy

Question 1

This is known as the standard reference position.

Answer 1

Anatomical Position

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: In the anatomical position, the following must be observed: arms at side, palms of hand forward, pad of thumb turned 45°

Answer 2

False

Pad of thumb is turned at 90°

Question 3

Match the following terms of laterality:

1. structures having right and left members
2. occurring on the same side of the body
3. structures on one side only
4. occurring on the opposite side of the body

A. UNILATERAL
B. BILATERAL
C. IPSILATERAL
D. CONTRALATERAL

Answer 3

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D

Question 4

Determine which movement is seen in what plane.

1. Supination
2. Plantarflexion
3. Thumb Abduction
4. Thumb Flexion
5. Thumb Opposition

A. SAGITTAL PLANE
B. CORONAL PLANE
C. HORIZONTAL PLANE

Answer 4

1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C

Question 5

Determine which movement is seen in what plane.

1. Circumduction
2. Protrusion
3. Hyperextension
4. Eversion
5. Depression

A. SAGITTAL PLANE
B. CORONAL PLANE
C. HORIZONTAL PLANE

Answer 5

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. C

Question 6

How many bones are there in the human body?

Answer 6

206

Question 7

Match the following description of specific markings/ features of bones

1. ridge of bone
2. large blunt elevation
3. shallow depression

A. Fossa
B. Trochanter
C. Crest

Answer 7

1. C
2. B
3. A

Question 8

This is known as the articulation or junction between two or more bones or parts of a skeleton

Answer 8

Joint

Question 9

Determine the axis of rotation of the following joints:

1. Hinge
2. Plane
3. Saddle
4. Condyloid
5. Pivot

A. UNIAXIAL
B. BIAXIAL
C. MULTIAXIAL

Answer 9

1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A

Question 10

This joint component prevents friction between two
articulate surfaces.

Answer 10

Synovial fluid

Question 11

In the skeletal system, there are 2 processes that form joints. What are they?

Answer 11

Condyle and Facets

Question 12

Enumerate the two types of skeleton.

Answer 12

1. Axial Skeleton
2. Appendicular Skeleton

Question 13

The following positions are coherent with the correct anatomical position, EXCEPT:

A. Eyes open focused on something in the distance
B. Mouth close
C. Feet apart
D. Facial expression neutral
E. Body is upright

Answer 13

C. Feet apart

NOTE: Feet must be together.

Question 14

These are planes passing the body at right angle to the median and coronal planes

Answer 14

Horizontal planes

Question 15

This is a vertical plane passing through the center of the body dividing it to equal right and left halves

Answer 15

Median sagittal plane

Question 16

Scenario: When the hand creates a number 4, what was the movement of the thumb?

Answer 16

Flexion

Question 17

Scenario: When the hand creates a number 4, in what PLANE was the movement performed?

Answer 17

Coronal/ Frontal Plane

Question 18

Determine the movements being described in the horizontal plane.

1. anterior movement of shoulder
2. anterior movement of mandible
3. superior movement of scapula

A. Protraction
B. Retraction
C. Protrusion
D. Retrusion
E. NONE

Answer 18

1. A
2. C
3. E

Question 19

Determine the movements being described in the horizontal plane.

1. moves the sole of foot away from the median plane
2. turns the sole laterally
3. movement of forearm and hand that rotates the radius medially around its longitudinal axis

A. Eversion
B. Inversion
C. Pronation
D. Supination
E. NONE

Answer 19

1. A
2. A
3. C

Question 20

This is termed as the flexion of the ankle

Answer 20

Plantarflexion

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE: The dermis is thicker in the anterior
compared to the posterior.

Answer 21

False.

It is thinner anteriorly.

Question 22

The following statements are TRUE, EXCEPT:

A. The Epidermis is known to be thick over palms of soles and feet
B. The Dermis is known as the Stratified epithelium
C. Skin creases are necessarily seen in the areas of the joint
D. Skin creases gives ability to the joints to move
E. Dermis is usually thinner in women

Answer 22

B. The Dermis is known as the Stratified epithelium

Question 23

These are keratinized plates on dorsal surfaces of tips of
fingers and toes

Answer 23

Nails

Question 24

Determine if the following describes deep or subcutaneous fascia.

1. Endothoracic fascia
2. Just beneath dermis
3. Extraperitoneal fascia
4. Loose areolar
5. Surrounds individual muscle

A. Subcutaneous
B. Deep
C. None

Answer 24

1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. B

Question 25

Sutures are what type of joint?

Answer 25

Fibrous joint

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE: Cartilaginous joints are false joints.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Synarthroses gives ______ movement A. no/little movement B. slight movement C. great movement D. None of the above

Answer 27

A. no/little movement

Question 28

Determine which category do the following joints belong to. 1. Teeth 2. GH joint 3. TMJ 4. Pubic symphysis 5. IV discs A. Synarthroses B. Amphiarthroses C. Diarthroses

Answer 28

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B

Question 29

True Joints or (1)______ Joints are united by an (2)_____ cartilage with a joint cavity enclosed by a (3)_____ containing (4)______.

Answer 29

1. Synovial 2. hyaline 3. joint capsule 4. synovial fluid

Question 30

The following are components of Synovial Joints, EXCEPT: A. Fat pads B. Articular Disc C. Articular cartilage D. Synovial membrane E. NONE

Answer 30

E. NONE

Question 31

Determine which type of bone is described. 1. Reduces friction on the tendon 2. Composed of tables and separated by diploe 3. Cuboidal in shape 4. Have diaphysis and epiphysis 5. Outer portion is composed of compact bone covered by periosteum A. Long bone B. Short bone C. Flat bone D. Irregular bone E. Sesamoid bone

Answer 31

1. E 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A

Question 32

Enumerate the 3 types of cartilages.

Answer 32

1. Hyaline 2. Elastic 3. Fibrocartilage

Question 33

Determine which type of cartilage is being described. 1. Has great resistance to wear & tear and covers articular cartilage 2. Good for absorbing stress and shock 3. Found between TMJ 4. Repairs itself with fibrous tissue 5. Incapable of repair A. Hyaline B. Elastic C. Fibrocartilage

Answer 33

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE: One function of muscles is to provide heat.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Scenario: A swimmer performs a butterfly stroke during his usual practices. Based on the terms of movement, in what plane was the action performed?

Answer 35

HORIZONTAL PLANE

Question 36

Scenario: A swimmer performs a butterfly stroke during his usual practices. What terms describes his movement?

Answer 36

Circumduction

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE: Phalanges are considered as long bones.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

The following anatomical terms are paired or described correctly, EXCEPT: A. Epicondyle – raised, rounded area located above a condyle. B. Tuberosity – Greek word for "a runner." C. Fossa – sometimes referred to as cavities D. Spine – sharp, slender projection E. Ramus – arm-like bar of bone

Answer 38

B. Tuberosity – Greek word for "a runner." NOTE: The description is fitted for a trochanter.

Question 39

Pair the following bones with its corresponding classification. 1. Scapula 2. Patella 3. Skull 4. Tarsals 5. Vertebra A. Long bone B. Short bone C. Flat bone D. Irregular bone E. Sesamoid bone

Answer 39

1. C 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. D

Question 40

TOPIC: Muscle Classification based on Movement. What stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently?

Answer 40

Fixator

Question 41

TOPIC: Muscle Classification based on Movement. These are muscles that oppose the action of prime mover

Answer 41

Antagonist

Question 42

Determine if the statement is correct. Otherwise, determine which word or phrase makes the statement incorrect. Cartilage are resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue that contains many blood vessels, lymphatics or nerves.

Answer 42

The statement is incorrect. Cartilages DO NOT contain blood vessels, lymphatics or nerves.

Question 43

The following statements are correct, EXCEPT: A. Skeletal Muscle Tissue are named based on its location B. A Single muscle fiber is long, cylindrical in shape and has 1 nuclei at the periphery of cells C. Muscles are voluntary because it can be made to contract or relax by conscious control D. Individual muscle fibers are arranged parallel to each other E. Each striated muscle has 2 or more attachments

Answer 43

B. A Single muscle fiber is long, cylindrical in shape and has 1 nuclei at the periphery of cells NOTE: These have many nuclei.

Question 44

This is known as the interdigitation of the tendinous ends of fiber

Answer 44

Raphe

Question 45

Determine which muscle is fitted based on the following muscle shapes. 1. orbicularis occuli 2. pronator quadratus 3. deltoid 4. biceps brachii 5. external oblique A. flat muscle B. pennate muscle C. fusiform D. quadrate E. circular or sphincteral

Answer 45

1. E 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A

Question 46

These are highly specialized, hard form of connective tissue that forms most of the skeleton and is the chief supporting tissue of the body

Answer 46

Bone

Question 47

The following are functions of bones, EXCEPT: A. protection of vital structures B. support for the body mechanical basis for movement C. storage for salts D. continuous supply of new blood cells E. None

Answer 47

E. None

Question 48

This term denotes the anterior side of the hand.

Answer 48

Palmar

Question 49

In the Sagittal Plane, this is known as decreasing the angle between the bone or parts of the body

Answer 49

Flexion

Question 50

Match the following descriptions. 1. smooth muscle attached to the ends of the hair 2. Secrete sebum 3. Vascular connective tissues which occupy the hair bulbs A. Hair papilla B. Arrector pilli C. Bulbs D. Sebaceous glands E. Sweat glands

Answer 50

1. B 2. D 3. A

Question 51

Match the following descriptions. 1. found all over the body except the lips, nailbed, glans penis, and clitoris 2. pulls and raises the hair 3. penetrate deep part of the dermis A. Hair papilla B. Arrector pilli C. Bulbs D. Sebaceous glands E. Sweat glands

Answer 51

1. E 2. B 3. C

Question 52

What type of muscle is the most common/ abundant.

Answer 52

Skeletal

Question 53

Enumerate the types of muscles.

Answer 53

1. Skeletal Muscle 2. Cardiac Muscle 3. Smooth Muscle

Question 54

The following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Smooth muscles are controlled by autonomic nervous system B. Smooth muscles cause a wavelike contraction C. Cardiac muscles have the characteristic of smooth and striated muscles D. Cardiac muscles are involuntarily controlled by the peripheral nervous system E. Cardiac muscles are striated

Answer 54

D. Cardiac muscles are involuntarily controlled by the peripheral nervous system NOTE: It is controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System

Question 55

The following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Smooth muscles have long spindle shaped cells B. The belly is the fleshy part of muscle C. Aponeurosis are flattened muscles attached by thin strong sheet of fibrous tissue which are usually part of the deep fascia D. All of the above E. None of the above

Answer 55

E. None of the above

Question 56

These are joints without articulating cavity, with no capsule and no synovial fluid

Answer 56

False Joints or Solid joints

Question 57

Determine what type of joints are the following. 1. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb 2. metacarpophalangeal joint 3. atlanto-axial joint 4. superior radio-ulnar joint 5. interphalangeal joints A. PLANE (IRREGULAR) JOINTS B. HINGE (GINGLYMUS) JOINTS C. SADDLE JOINT D. CONDYLOID (OVOID) JOINT E. PIVOT (TROCHOID) JOINTS

Answer 57

1. C 2. D 3. E 4. E 5. B

Question 58

This type of Solid or False Joint are united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Answer 58

Cartilaginous joints

Question 59

Stability of joints depends on? (1-2).

Answer 59

1. articular surface 2. ligaments