S1_L1: Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards
This is known as the standard reference position.
Anatomical Position
TRUE OR FALSE: In the anatomical position, the following must be observed: arms at side, palms of hand forward, pad of thumb turned 45°
False
Pad of thumb is turned at 90°
Match the following terms of laterality:
- structures having right and left members
- occurring on the same side of the body
- structures on one side only
- occurring on the opposite side of the body
A. UNILATERAL
B. BILATERAL
C. IPSILATERAL
D. CONTRALATERAL
- B
- C
- A
- D
Determine which movement is seen in what plane.
- Supination
- Plantarflexion
- Thumb Abduction
- Thumb Flexion
- Thumb Opposition
A. SAGITTAL PLANE
B. CORONAL PLANE
C. HORIZONTAL PLANE
- C
- A
- A
- B
- C
Determine which movement is seen in what plane.
- Circumduction
- Protrusion
- Hyperextension
- Eversion
- Depression
A. SAGITTAL PLANE
B. CORONAL PLANE
C. HORIZONTAL PLANE
- C
- C
- A
- C
- C
How many bones are there in the human body?
206
Match the following description of specific markings/ features of bones
- ridge of bone
- large blunt elevation
- shallow depression
A. Fossa
B. Trochanter
C. Crest
- C
- B
- A
This is known as the articulation or junction between two or more bones or parts of a skeleton
Joint
Determine the axis of rotation of the following joints:
- Hinge
- Plane
- Saddle
- Condyloid
- Pivot
A. UNIAXIAL
B. BIAXIAL
C. MULTIAXIAL
- A
- A
- C
- B
- A
This joint component prevents friction between two
articulate surfaces.
Synovial fluid
In the skeletal system, there are 2 processes that form joints. What are they?
Condyle and Facets
Enumerate the two types of skeleton.
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
The following positions are coherent with the correct anatomical position, EXCEPT:
A. Eyes open focused on something in the distance
B. Mouth close
C. Feet apart
D. Facial expression neutral
E. Body is upright
C. Feet apart
NOTE: Feet must be together.
These are planes passing the body at right angle to the median and coronal planes
Horizontal planes
This is a vertical plane passing through the center of the body dividing it to equal right and left halves
Median sagittal plane
Scenario: When the hand creates a number 4, what was the movement of the thumb?
Flexion
Scenario: When the hand creates a number 4, in what PLANE was the movement performed?
Coronal/ Frontal Plane
Determine the movements being described in the horizontal plane.
- anterior movement of shoulder
- anterior movement of mandible
- superior movement of scapula
A. Protraction
B. Retraction
C. Protrusion
D. Retrusion
E. NONE
- A
- C
- E
Determine the movements being described in the horizontal plane.
- moves the sole of foot away from the median plane
- turns the sole laterally
- movement of forearm and hand that rotates the radius medially around its longitudinal axis
A. Eversion
B. Inversion
C. Pronation
D. Supination
E. NONE
- A
- A
- C
This is termed as the flexion of the ankle
Plantarflexion
TRUE OR FALSE: The dermis is thicker in the anterior
compared to the posterior.
False.
It is thinner anteriorly.
The following statements are TRUE, EXCEPT:
A. The Epidermis is known to be thick over palms of soles and feet
B. The Dermis is known as the Stratified epithelium
C. Skin creases are necessarily seen in the areas of the joint
D. Skin creases gives ability to the joints to move
E. Dermis is usually thinner in women
B. The Dermis is known as the Stratified epithelium
These are keratinized plates on dorsal surfaces of tips of
fingers and toes
Nails
Determine if the following describes deep or subcutaneous fascia.
- Endothoracic fascia
- Just beneath dermis
- Extraperitoneal fascia
- Loose areolar
- Surrounds individual muscle
A. Subcutaneous
B. Deep
C. None
- B
- A
- B
- A
- B
Sutures are what type of joint?
Fibrous joint
TRUE OR FALSE: Cartilaginous joints are false joints.
True
Synarthroses gives ______ movement
A. no/little movement
B. slight movement
C. great movement
D. None of the above
A. no/little movement
Determine which category do the following joints belong to.
- Teeth
- GH joint
- TMJ
- Pubic symphysis
- IV discs
A. Synarthroses
B. Amphiarthroses
C. Diarthroses
- A
- C
- C
- B
- B
True Joints or (1)______ Joints are united by an (2)_____ cartilage with a joint cavity enclosed by a (3)_____ containing (4)______.
- Synovial
- hyaline
- joint capsule
- synovial fluid
The following are components of Synovial Joints, EXCEPT:
A. Fat pads
B. Articular Disc
C. Articular cartilage
D. Synovial membrane
E. NONE
E. NONE
Determine which type of bone is described.
- Reduces friction on the tendon
- Composed of tables and separated by diploe
- Cuboidal in shape
- Have diaphysis and epiphysis
- Outer portion is composed of compact bone covered by periosteum
A. Long bone
B. Short bone
C. Flat bone
D. Irregular bone
E. Sesamoid bone
- E
- C
- B
- A
- A
Enumerate the 3 types of cartilages.
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Fibrocartilage
Determine which type of cartilage is being described.
- Has great resistance to wear & tear and covers articular cartilage
- Good for absorbing stress and shock
- Found between TMJ
- Repairs itself with fibrous tissue
- Incapable of repair
A. Hyaline
B. Elastic
C. Fibrocartilage
- A
- C
- C
- B
- A
TRUE OR FALSE: One function of muscles is to provide heat.
True
Scenario: A swimmer performs a butterfly stroke during his usual practices. Based on the terms of movement, in what plane was the action performed?
HORIZONTAL PLANE
Scenario: A swimmer performs a butterfly stroke during his usual practices. What terms describes his movement?
Circumduction
TRUE OR FALSE: Phalanges are considered as long bones.
True
The following anatomical terms are paired or described correctly, EXCEPT:
A. Epicondyle – raised, rounded area located above a condyle.
B. Tuberosity – Greek word for “a runner.”
C. Fossa – sometimes referred to as cavities
D. Spine – sharp, slender projection
E. Ramus – arm-like bar of bone
B. Tuberosity – Greek word for “a runner.”
NOTE: The description is fitted for a trochanter.
Pair the following bones with its corresponding classification.
- Scapula
- Patella
- Skull
- Tarsals
- Vertebra
A. Long bone
B. Short bone
C. Flat bone
D. Irregular bone
E. Sesamoid bone
- C
- E
- C
- B
- D
TOPIC: Muscle Classification based on Movement.
What stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently?
Fixator
TOPIC: Muscle Classification based on Movement.
These are muscles that oppose the action of prime mover
Antagonist
Determine if the statement is correct. Otherwise, determine which word or phrase makes the statement incorrect.
Cartilage are resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue that contains many blood vessels, lymphatics or nerves.
The statement is incorrect. Cartilages DO NOT contain blood vessels, lymphatics or nerves.
The following statements are correct, EXCEPT:
A. Skeletal Muscle Tissue are named based on its location
B. A Single muscle fiber is long, cylindrical in shape and has 1 nuclei at the periphery of cells
C. Muscles are voluntary because it can be made to contract or relax by conscious control
D. Individual muscle fibers are arranged parallel to each other
E. Each striated muscle has 2 or more attachments
B. A Single muscle fiber is long, cylindrical in shape and has 1 nuclei at the periphery of cells
NOTE: These have many nuclei.
This is known as the interdigitation of the tendinous ends of fiber
Raphe
Determine which muscle is fitted based on the following muscle shapes.
- orbicularis occuli
- pronator quadratus
- deltoid
- biceps brachii
- external oblique
A. flat muscle
B. pennate muscle
C. fusiform
D. quadrate
E. circular or sphincteral
- E
- D
- B
- C
- A
These are highly specialized, hard form of connective tissue that
forms most of the skeleton and is the chief supporting tissue of the body
Bone
The following are functions of bones, EXCEPT:
A. protection of vital structures
B. support for the body mechanical basis for movement
C. storage for salts
D. continuous supply of new blood cells
E. None
E. None
This term denotes the anterior side of the hand.
Palmar
In the Sagittal Plane, this is known as decreasing the angle between the bone or parts of the body
Flexion
Match the following descriptions.
- smooth muscle attached to the ends of the hair
- Secrete sebum
- Vascular connective tissues which occupy the hair bulbs
A. Hair papilla
B. Arrector pilli
C. Bulbs
D. Sebaceous glands
E. Sweat glands
- B
- D
- A
Match the following descriptions.
- found all over the body except the lips, nailbed, glans penis, and clitoris
- pulls and raises the hair
- penetrate deep part of the dermis
A. Hair papilla
B. Arrector pilli
C. Bulbs
D. Sebaceous glands
E. Sweat glands
- E
- B
- C
What type of muscle is the most common/ abundant.
Skeletal
Enumerate the types of muscles.
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
The following statements are true, EXCEPT:
A. Smooth muscles are controlled by autonomic nervous system
B. Smooth muscles cause a wavelike contraction
C. Cardiac muscles have the characteristic of smooth and striated muscles
D. Cardiac muscles are involuntarily controlled by the peripheral nervous system
E. Cardiac muscles are striated
D. Cardiac muscles are involuntarily controlled by the peripheral nervous system
NOTE: It is controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System
The following statements are true, EXCEPT:
A. Smooth muscles have long spindle shaped cells
B. The belly is the fleshy part of muscle
C. Aponeurosis are flattened muscles attached by thin strong sheet of fibrous tissue which are usually part of the deep fascia
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
These are joints without articulating cavity, with no capsule and no synovial fluid
False Joints or Solid joints
Determine what type of joints are the following.
- carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
- metacarpophalangeal joint
- atlanto-axial joint
- superior radio-ulnar joint
- interphalangeal joints
A. PLANE (IRREGULAR) JOINTS
B. HINGE (GINGLYMUS) JOINTS
C. SADDLE JOINT
D. CONDYLOID (OVOID) JOINT
E. PIVOT (TROCHOID) JOINTS
- C
- D
- E
- E
- B
This type of Solid or False Joint are united by hyaline
cartilage or fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous joints
Stability of joints depends on? (1-2).
- articular surface
- ligaments
