S2_L3: Arm, Elbow, and Forearm Region

Question 1

Which of the following is innervated by the median nerve in the deep layer?

A. Flexor digitorum superficialis
B. Pronator quadratus
C. Flexor carpi ulnaris
D. A and B
E. All

Answer 1

B. Pronator quadratus

Question 2

The following nerves supply the muscles of the upper arm?

A. Musculocutaneous nerve
B. Radial nerve
C. Ulnar nerve
D. A and B
E. All

Answer 2

D. A and B

Question 3

The following are sensory nerves to the forearm.

A. Posterior cutaneous nerve
B. Medial cutaneous to the forearm
C. Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
D. B and C
E. All

Answer 3

E. All

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: The medial epicondyle is called the funny bone because of the radial nerve. This nerve is the reason behind the feelings of sensation on the medial epicondyle.

A. Only first statement is true
B. Only second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

Answer 4

D. Both statements are false

Question 5

The following can flex the wrist

A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
B. Palmaris longus
C. Pronator teres
D. A and B
E. All

Answer 5

A. Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE: The nursemaid’s elbow results from the excessive pulling of the arm and the radial head is dislocated from the annular ligament. This affects flexion, supination, and pronation of the forearm.

A. Only first statement is true
B. Only second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false

Answer 6

A. Only first statement is true

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Affectation of the anterior interosseous nerve results in the inability to do an OK sign.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: The brachioradialis is dually innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Match the corresponding muscles to their innervation.

1. Brachialis
2. Flexor digitorum superficialis
3. Flexor digitorum profundus to the 5th finger
4. Triceps long head
5. Pronator teres

A. Median Nerve
B. Ulnar Nerve
C. Both
D. Neither

Answer 9

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A

Question 10

Match the corresponding muscles to their innervation.

1. Flexor digitorum profundus to the 3rd finger
2. Flexor pollicis longus
3. Flexor digitorum profundus to the 1st finger

A. Median Nerve
B. Ulnar Nerve
C. Both
D. Neither

Answer 10

1. A
2. A
3. D

Question 11

The following muscles originate from the medial epicondyle:

A. Palmaris longus
B. Flexor carpi radialis
C. Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head
D. A and B
E. All

Answer 11

E. All

Question 12

This ligament prevent excessive deviation of the forearm going too lateral or abduction

Answer 12

Medial Ligament (Ulnar collateral ligament)

Question 13

The following are true about the lateral collateral ligament, EXCEPT:

A. Triangular ligament attached from apex of lateral epicondyle to base of upper margin of annular ligament
B. Connects radius to humerus
C. Tightens when the elbow joint is brought to adduction
D. Does not have bundles like the medial ligament
E. It winds to the neck of the radius

Answer 13

E. It winds to the neck of the radius

NOTE: It winds to the head of the radius.

Question 14

This ligament forms a collar around head of radius or encircles it

Answer 14

Annular Ligament

Question 15

What movements do the distal humero-ulnar joint allow?

Answer 15

1. flexion
2. extension

Question 16

Proximal radio-ulnar joint is what type of joint?

Answer 16

Pivot joint/trochoid joint

Question 17

This muscle primarily pronates the forearm. However, because it comes from lateral epicondyle and crosses the elbow joint, it also helps perform flexion. Which muscle is being described?

Answer 17

Pronator teres

Question 18

What are the 3 main flexors of the elbow?

Answer 18

1. Brachialis
2. Biceps brachii
3. Brachioradialis

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE: The median and ulnar nerves don’t supply the upper arm, but pass through the arm’s anterior compartment

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The brachialis muscle is said to be dually innervated. Which nerve supplies this muscle?

Answer 20

musculocutaneous and radial nerve

Question 21

FILL IN THE BLANKS: Passageway of Ulnar nerve

The ulnar nerve starts (1)______ to the brachial artery, but as it goes distally, it goes (2)_____ then goes under the (3)______, then goes up again.

Answer 21

1. medial
2. posterior
3. medial epicondyle

Question 22

The Medial epicondyle is also known as the (1)______ and the area is called as the (2)______.

Answer 22

1. funny bone
2. cubital tunnel

Question 23

This is a pediatric syndrome wherein radial head is pulled out of the annular ligament

Answer 23

Pulled elbow syndrome/Nursemaid’s elbow

Question 24

This is the space in the anterior portion of the elbow

Answer 24

Cubital fossa

Question 25

Is the brachial artery lateral or medial to the median nerve?

Answer 25

lateral

Question 26

The following statements are correct carrying angle, EXCEPT: A. Normal carrying angle: from 160-170 degrees B. Women have higher carrying angle C. Females' carrying angel are farther from 180 while males have it closer to 180 D. When we carry something (e.g. load), we tend to move our arm away from our hip, thus forming the carrying angle E. None

Answer 26

B. Women have higher carrying angle NOTE: Because of the wider hip in females, they have a smaller carrying angle

Question 27

In cubitus valgus, which nerve may be stretched or affected?

Answer 27

Ulnar nerve

Question 28

This is known as the common flexor origin

Answer 28

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE: Median and ulnar nerves both supply the arm.

Answer 29

False. NOTE: Median and ulnar nerves both have no branches in the arm; they supply the forearm.

Question 30

Determine which condition is being described. 1. puts stress on the common flexor origin 2. cannot do a normal OK sign 3. called golfer’s elbow 4. weakness of the index and thumb finger pincer movement 5. an isolated palsy of flexor pollicus longus, the index and long fingers of the flexor digitorum profundus, and the pronator quadratus muscles of the forearm A. Medial epicondylitis B. Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome C. Both D. Neither

Answer 30

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B

Question 31

In anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone (on the thumb side) is the ____.

Answer 31

radius

Question 32

The olecrenon process is another name for the ____________.

Answer 32

elbow

Question 33

Determine which muscles perform which actions. 1. Brachioradialis 2. Anconeus 3. Pronator teres 4. Pronator quadratus 5. Biceps brachii A. FLEXION B. EXTENSION C. PRONATION D. SUPINATION E. A & B F. A & C G. A & D H. None

Answer 33

1. A 2. B 3. F 4. C 5. G

Question 34

What forms the floor of the cubital fossa? A. brachioradialis B. pronator teres C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus D. deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)

Answer 34

E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)

Question 35

What forms the base of the cubital fossa? A. brachioradialis B. pronator teres C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus D. deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)

Answer 35

C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus

Question 36

What forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa? A. brachioradialis B. pronator teres C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus D. deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)

Answer 36

B. pronator teres

Question 37

The following are contents of the cubital fossa, EXCEPT: A. Bifurcation of the brachial artery to ulnar and radial arteries B. radial nerve and its branches and deep brache C. biceps tendon D. Median nerve E. None

Answer 37

E. None

Question 38

Arrange the contents of the cubital fossa from most medial to more lateral. A. Bifurcation of the brachial artery to ulnar and radial arteries B. radial nerve and its branches and deep brache C. biceps tendon D. Median nerve

Answer 38

DACB

Question 39

Determine which branch arises from different nerves of the forearm. 1. Lateral cutaneous nerve 2. Medial cutaneous nerve 3. Posterior cutaneous nerve A. radial nerve B. musculocutaneous nerve C. ulnar nerve D. posterior cord of the brachial plexus E. medial cord of the brachial plexus

Answer 39

1. B 2. E 3. A

Question 40

The Ulnar artery can be palpated lateral to (1)_____ bone, while the Radial artery can be palpated between (2)_____ tendon and (3)_____

Answer 40

1. pisiform 2. brachioradialis 3. flexor carpi radialis

Question 41

Determine which muscles are in the superficial or deep layer in the posterior compartment. 1. Abductor pollicis longus 2. Extensor carpi ulnaris 4. Supinator 5. Extensor digiti minimi A. Deep layer B. Superficial Layer

Answer 41

1. A 2. B 4. B 5. B

Question 42

Determine which nerves innervate the following muscles. 1. Flexor digitorium superficialis 2. Palmaris longus 3. Brachioradialis A. Median Nerve B. Ulnar Nerve C. Radial Nerve

Answer 42

1. A 2. A 3. C

Question 43

Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the anterior surface of the proximal radius? A. Anconeus B. Pronator quadratus C. Pronator teres D. Supinator E. None

Answer 43

D. Supinator

Question 44

Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process? A. Flexor carpi radialis B. Pronator quadratus C. Pronator teres D. Brachioradialis E. None

Answer 44

D. Brachioradialis

Question 45

Which muscles originate on the distal half of the humerus( anterior surface) and inserts on the coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity of the ulna? A. Brachialis B. Coracobrachialis C. Short head of biceps Brachii D. Supinator E. None

Answer 45

A. Brachialis

Question 46

The Muscle that would act on the forearm to neutralize forearm supination would be which of the following muscles? A. Brachialis and Brachioradialis B. Pronator teres and Pronator Quadratus C. Triceps and pronator teres D. Triceps and Anconeus E. None

Answer 46

B. Pronator teres and Pronator Quadratus

Question 47

The elbow flexor that is most effective (strongest) with the forearm in the neutral position is which of the following muscles? A. Coracobrachialis B. Brachioradialis C. Biceps brachii D. Brachialis E. None

Answer 47

D. Brachialis

Question 48

Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways) on the little finger side of the elbow? A. Proximal radioulnar ligament B. Lateral collateral ligament C. Annular ligament D. Medial collateral ligament E. None

Answer 48

D. Medial collateral ligament

Question 49

The weakness of the pronator teres muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Median Nerve B. Radial Nerve C. Ulnar nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. None

Answer 49

A. Median Nerve

Question 50

The weakness of the biceps brachii muscle could indicate Trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Median Nerve B. Radial Nerve C. Ulnar nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. None

Answer 50

D. Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 51

The weakness of the Triceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves? A. Median Nerve B. Radial Nerve C. Ulnar nerve D. Musculocutaneous nerve E. None

Answer 51

B. Radial Nerve

Question 52

The carrying angle at the elbow exists because of which of the following phenomena at the distal end of the humerus? A. The lateral structures extend farther distally the the medial structures B. The medial structures extend farther distally the the lateral structures C. The anterior structures extend farther distally than the posterior structures D. The posterior structures extend farther than the anterior structures E. None

Answer 52

B. The medial structures extend farther distally the the lateral structures

Question 53

Elbow extension occurs in which plane and through which Axis?

Answer 53

Sagittal plane through a frontal axis

Question 54

Measured from the position of the forearm in neutral or mid-position, which of the following is true regarding normal ROM for pronation and supination? A. There is more supination than pronation B. There is more pronation than supination C. There are equal amounts of available pronation and supination D. It depends on how much elbow extension the arm is placed in to measure the motion. E. None

Answer 54

A. There is more supination than pronation

Question 55

This is a fibrous band extending from a large bony projection of the humerus, known as the supracondylar process to the median epicondyle

Answer 55

Struther’s ligament

Question 56

This condition is also known as dinner fork deformity

Answer 56

Colle’s fracture

Question 57

This condition results from falling on back/dorsum of the hand, leading the bone tog o up and down.

Answer 57

Smith’s fracture