S2_L3: Arm, Elbow, and Forearm Region Flashcards
Which of the following is innervated by the median nerve in the deep layer?
A. Flexor digitorum superficialis
B. Pronator quadratus
C. Flexor carpi ulnaris
D. A and B
E. All
B. Pronator quadratus
The following nerves supply the muscles of the upper arm?
A. Musculocutaneous nerve
B. Radial nerve
C. Ulnar nerve
D. A and B
E. All
D. A and B
The following are sensory nerves to the forearm.
A. Posterior cutaneous nerve
B. Medial cutaneous to the forearm
C. Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
D. B and C
E. All
E. All
TRUE OR FALSE: The medial epicondyle is called the funny bone because of the radial nerve. This nerve is the reason behind the feelings of sensation on the medial epicondyle.
A. Only first statement is true
B. Only second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
D. Both statements are false
The following can flex the wrist
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
B. Palmaris longus
C. Pronator teres
D. A and B
E. All
A. Flexor carpi ulnaris
TRUE OR FALSE: The nursemaid’s elbow results from the excessive pulling of the arm and the radial head is dislocated from the annular ligament. This affects flexion, supination, and pronation of the forearm.
A. Only first statement is true
B. Only second statement is true
C. Both statements are true
D. Both statements are false
A. Only first statement is true
TRUE OR FALSE: Affectation of the anterior interosseous nerve results in the inability to do an OK sign.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The brachioradialis is dually innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve.
False
Match the corresponding muscles to their innervation.
- Brachialis
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus to the 5th finger
- Triceps long head
- Pronator teres
A. Median Nerve
B. Ulnar Nerve
C. Both
D. Neither
- D
- A
- B
- D
- A
Match the corresponding muscles to their innervation.
- Flexor digitorum profundus to the 3rd finger
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Flexor digitorum profundus to the 1st finger
A. Median Nerve
B. Ulnar Nerve
C. Both
D. Neither
- A
- A
- D
The following muscles originate from the medial epicondyle:
A. Palmaris longus
B. Flexor carpi radialis
C. Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head
D. A and B
E. All
E. All
This ligament prevent excessive deviation of the forearm going too lateral or abduction
Medial Ligament (Ulnar collateral ligament)
The following are true about the lateral collateral ligament, EXCEPT:
A. Triangular ligament attached from apex of lateral epicondyle to base of upper margin of annular ligament
B. Connects radius to humerus
C. Tightens when the elbow joint is brought to adduction
D. Does not have bundles like the medial ligament
E. It winds to the neck of the radius
E. It winds to the neck of the radius
NOTE: It winds to the head of the radius.
This ligament forms a collar around head of radius or encircles it
Annular Ligament
What movements do the distal humero-ulnar joint allow?
- flexion
- extension
Proximal radio-ulnar joint is what type of joint?
Pivot joint/trochoid joint
This muscle primarily pronates the forearm. However, because it comes from lateral epicondyle and crosses the elbow joint, it also helps perform flexion. Which muscle is being described?
Pronator teres
What are the 3 main flexors of the elbow?
- Brachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
TRUE OR FALSE: The median and ulnar nerves don’t supply the upper arm, but pass through the arm’s anterior compartment
True
The brachialis muscle is said to be dually innervated. Which nerve supplies this muscle?
musculocutaneous and radial nerve
FILL IN THE BLANKS: Passageway of Ulnar nerve
The ulnar nerve starts (1)______ to the brachial artery, but as it goes distally, it goes (2)_____ then goes under the (3)______, then goes up again.
- medial
- posterior
- medial epicondyle
The Medial epicondyle is also known as the (1)______ and the area is called as the (2)______.
- funny bone
- cubital tunnel
This is a pediatric syndrome wherein radial head is pulled out of the annular ligament
Pulled elbow syndrome/Nursemaid’s elbow
This is the space in the anterior portion of the elbow
Cubital fossa
Is the brachial artery lateral or medial to the median nerve?
lateral
The following statements are correct carrying angle, EXCEPT:
A. Normal carrying angle: from 160-170 degrees
B. Women have higher carrying angle
C. Females’ carrying angel are farther from 180 while males have it closer to 180
D. When we carry something (e.g. load), we tend to move our arm away from our hip, thus forming the carrying angle
E. None
B. Women have higher carrying angle
NOTE: Because of the wider hip in females, they have a smaller carrying angle
In cubitus valgus, which nerve may be stretched or affected?
Ulnar nerve
This is known as the common flexor origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
TRUE OR FALSE: Median and ulnar nerves both supply the arm.
False.
NOTE: Median and ulnar nerves both have no branches in the arm; they supply the forearm.
Determine which condition is being described.
- puts stress on the common flexor origin
- cannot do a normal OK sign
- called golfer’s elbow
- weakness of the index and thumb finger pincer movement
- an isolated palsy of flexor pollicus longus, the index and long fingers of the flexor digitorum profundus, and the pronator quadratus muscles of the forearm
A. Medial epicondylitis
B. Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
C. Both
D. Neither
- A
- B
- A
- B
- B
In anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone (on the thumb side) is the ____.
radius
The olecrenon process is another name for the ____________.
elbow
Determine which muscles perform which actions.
- Brachioradialis
- Anconeus
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
- Biceps brachii
A. FLEXION
B. EXTENSION
C. PRONATION
D. SUPINATION
E. A & B
F. A & C
G. A & D
H. None
- A
- B
- F
- C
- G
What forms the floor of the cubital fossa?
A. brachioradialis
B. pronator teres
C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus
D. deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)
E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)
What forms the base of the cubital fossa?
A. brachioradialis
B. pronator teres
C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus
D. deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)
C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus
What forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa?
A. brachioradialis
B. pronator teres
C. imaginary line connecting epicondyles of humerus
D. deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
E. tendon of brachialis (medial) and supinator (lateral)
B. pronator teres
The following are contents of the cubital fossa, EXCEPT:
A. Bifurcation of the brachial artery to ulnar and
radial arteries
B. radial nerve and its branches and deep brache
C. biceps tendon
D. Median nerve
E. None
E. None
Arrange the contents of the cubital fossa from most medial to more lateral.
A. Bifurcation of the brachial artery to ulnar and
radial arteries
B. radial nerve and its branches and deep brache
C. biceps tendon
D. Median nerve
DACB
Determine which branch arises from different nerves of the forearm.
- Lateral cutaneous nerve
- Medial cutaneous nerve
- Posterior cutaneous nerve
A. radial nerve
B. musculocutaneous nerve
C. ulnar nerve
D. posterior cord of the brachial plexus
E. medial cord of the brachial plexus
- B
- E
- A
The Ulnar artery can be palpated lateral to (1)_____ bone, while the Radial artery can be palpated between (2)_____ tendon and (3)_____
- pisiform
- brachioradialis
- flexor carpi radialis
Determine which muscles are in the superficial or deep layer in the posterior compartment.
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Supinator
- Extensor digiti minimi
A. Deep layer
B. Superficial Layer
- A
- B
- B
- B
Determine which nerves innervate the following muscles.
- Flexor digitorium superficialis
- Palmaris longus
- Brachioradialis
A. Median Nerve
B. Ulnar Nerve
C. Radial Nerve
- A
- A
- C
Which muscle originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the anterior surface of the proximal radius?
A. Anconeus
B. Pronator quadratus
C. Pronator teres
D. Supinator
E. None
D. Supinator
Which muscle originates on the humeral lateral condyle and inserts on the radial styloid process?
A. Flexor carpi radialis
B. Pronator quadratus
C. Pronator teres
D. Brachioradialis
E. None
D. Brachioradialis
Which muscles originate on the distal half of the humerus( anterior surface) and inserts on the coronoid process and the ulnar tuberosity of the ulna?
A. Brachialis
B. Coracobrachialis
C. Short head of biceps Brachii
D. Supinator
E. None
A. Brachialis
The Muscle that would act on the forearm to neutralize forearm supination would be which of the following muscles?
A. Brachialis and Brachioradialis
B. Pronator teres and Pronator Quadratus
C. Triceps and pronator teres
D. Triceps and Anconeus
E. None
B. Pronator teres and Pronator Quadratus
The elbow flexor that is most effective (strongest) with the forearm in the neutral position is which of the following muscles?
A. Coracobrachialis
B. Brachioradialis
C. Biceps brachii
D. Brachialis
E. None
D. Brachialis
Which ligament spans the elbow longitudinally (long ways) on the little finger side of the elbow?
A. Proximal radioulnar ligament
B. Lateral collateral ligament
C. Annular ligament
D. Medial collateral ligament
E. None
D. Medial collateral ligament
The weakness of the pronator teres muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A. Median Nerve
B. Radial Nerve
C. Ulnar nerve
D. Musculocutaneous nerve
E. None
A. Median Nerve
The weakness of the biceps brachii muscle could indicate Trauma to which of the following nerves?
A. Median Nerve
B. Radial Nerve
C. Ulnar nerve
D. Musculocutaneous nerve
E. None
D. Musculocutaneous nerve
The weakness of the Triceps brachii muscle could indicate trauma to which of the following nerves?
A. Median Nerve
B. Radial Nerve
C. Ulnar nerve
D. Musculocutaneous nerve
E. None
B. Radial Nerve
The carrying angle at the elbow exists because of which of the following phenomena at the distal end of the humerus?
A. The lateral structures extend farther distally the the medial structures
B. The medial structures extend farther distally the the lateral structures
C. The anterior structures extend farther distally than the posterior structures
D. The posterior structures extend farther than the anterior structures
E. None
B. The medial structures extend farther distally the the lateral structures
Elbow extension occurs in which plane and through which Axis?
Sagittal plane through a frontal axis
Measured from the position of the forearm in neutral or mid-position, which of the following is true regarding normal ROM for pronation and supination?
A. There is more supination than pronation
B. There is more pronation than supination
C. There are equal amounts of available pronation and supination
D. It depends on how much elbow extension the arm is placed in to measure the motion.
E. None
A. There is more supination than pronation
This is a fibrous band extending from a large bony
projection of the humerus, known as the
supracondylar process to the median epicondyle
Struther’s ligament
This condition is also known as dinner fork deformity
Colle’s fracture
This condition results from falling on back/dorsum of the hand, leading the bone tog o up and down.
Smith’s fracture
