S3_L1: LE Osteology Flashcards
Determine the following bone to its corresponding description.
- has wings called ala
- sit bone
- attachment of the hamstring muscles
- largest of the three bones
- upper part articulates with L5, lower part articulates with coccyx
A. ILIUM
B. ISCHIUM
C. PUBIS
D. ALL
E. NONE
- A
- B
- B
- A
- E
Determine the following bone to its corresponding description.
- formed by the ischium, ilium and pubis
- forms a cup shape where the head of the femur will fit in
- has rudimentary transverse processes
- has a canal where the roots of spinal cord will pass through
- has a notch where blood vessels will pass through
A. ACETABULUM
B. SACRUM
C. COCCYX
- A
- A
- C
- B
- A
TRUE OR FALSE: Greater and lesser trochanters are used for lower extremities. Greater and lesser tuberosities for upper extremities
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. All statements are true
The following is true about the parts of the ilium, EXCEPT:
A. the iliac crest is located approximately at the level of L4 or the space between L4-L5
B. L4-L5 is a landmark for spinal anesthesia
C. PSIS is located at the level of S1
D. in slim people, their PSIS are seen as dimples on the skin
E. None
C. PSIS is located at the level of S1
NOTE: PSIS - S2
TRUE OR FALSE: The pubic symphysis, as well as the sacroiliac joint, become lax and stretch when a woman is pregnant to accommodate the growing fetus.
True
This is the longest and strongest bone in the body
Femur
_____ is a margin that is approximately a Mickey Mouse head-shaped line
Pelvic brim
Enumerate the 3 hip bones.
ilium, ischium and pubis
This is the meeting point of the three pelvic bones
Acetabulum
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
Posteriorly, the hip bone articulates with the (1)_____.
Anteriorly, the hip bone articulates at the (2)_____.
- sacrum
- symphysis pubis
The cup shape of the acetabulum allows ______ of the head of the femur to articulate with it.
⅔
What is the normal angle of inclincation?
120-125 degrees
TRUE OR FALSE: At birth, the femur are straight. As the child bears weight, the angle of inclination decreases
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
Coxa valga means that the angle of inclination is (1)_____. Thus, the leg is (2)_____ and will (3)_____.
- beyond/ above normal
- longer
- abduct
NOTE: other possible answers for (1) is close to 180 or above 135 degrees.
FILL IN THE BLANKS:
Anteriorly, the (1)______ connects greater and lesser trochanters
Posteriorly, the (2)______ connects greater and lesser trochanters
- intertrochanteric line
- intertrochanteric crest
This is the largest sesamoid bone, described as an inverted triangle
PATELLA
This is the large weight bearing medial bone of the leg
TIBIA
What movement will be restricted or difficult to perform when the fibular nerve is injured or compressed upon crossing of legs?
Dorsiflexion
This is the largest tarsal bone, also known as the heel bone.
CALCANEUS
The lower extremity functions to support the weight of the body and produce ____?
locomotion
What is the other collective term for the hip bones?
Os Coxae
This is the highest point and upper flattened portion of the ilium
Iliac crest
The Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) is approximately at what level?
L4
TRUE OR FALSE: L2 is usually where anesthesia is given. If given above L1, it will cause paralysis.
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
The following is true about the Ischial spine, EXCEPT:
A. projects from the posterior border and intervenes between the greater and lesser sciatic notches
B. used for measurement site for pelvic opening
C. is a narrow opening for delivery of baby
D. “hole” or opening for nerves/blood vessels; ischium and pubis
E. None
D. “hole” or opening for nerves/blood vessels;
ischium and pubis
The greater and lesser sciatic notches are converted into
greater and lesser sciatic (1)_____ by the presence of
the (2)______ and (3)______ ligaments
- foramina
- sacrospinous
- sacrotuberous
This bone can be divided into a body, a superior ramus
and an inferior ramus
Pubis
Superior ramus joins the ilium and ischium at the
(1)_____. Inferior ramus - joins the ischial ramus below the (2)______
- acetabulum
- obturator foramen
How much does the ischium contribute to the acetabulum?
> 2/5
How much does the pubis contribute to the acetabulum?
1/5
This is a horseshoe shaped articulation of the femoral head
Acetabular fossa
The sacrum consists of _______ rudimentary vertebrae
fused together
five
What type of joint is the Symphysis pubis?
Cartilaginous
At what level is the sacral promontory approximately at?
S1
This forms when the laminae of the 5th sacral vertebra, and sometimes those of the 4th, fail to meet in the
midline
Sacral hiatus
This consists of four vertebrae fused together to form a
small triangular bone, which articulates at its base
with the lower end of the sacrum
Coccyx
These are the remains of the pedicles and superior articular processes in the coccyx bone.
cornua
This is a small depression at the center of the head for attachment of ligamentum teres.
Fovea capitis
This is a deformity of hip where the angle of inclination is less than 120 degree
Coxa vara
TRUE OR FALSE: Both Coxa vara and Coxa valga may present with a limb length discrepancy.
True
Determine the following parts of the humerus.
- found in the posterior surface below greater trochanter
- part on the medial part of the distal femur
continuous with the medial epicondyle - smooth and rounded on its anterior surface but
posteriorly has a ridge and hollow portion - for the attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle
- where muscles and intermuscular septa are
attached
A. Shaft
B. Linea aspera
C. Gluteal tuberosity
D. Adductor tubercle
E. Medial supracondylar ridge
- C
- D
- A
- C
- B
TRUE OR FALSE: The patella is part of the quadricep tendon. It is connected to the tibial tuberosity via the
ligamentum patella
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. All statements are true
TRUE OR FALSE: The tibia is a large weight bearing medial bone of leg. if fractured, it would be hard to walk again.
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. All statements are true
This is an oblique line at the posterior aspect of the tibia, for the attachment of the soleus muscle.
soleal line
TRUE OR FALSE: The shaft of the fibula is triangular. This bone take no part in articulation at the knee but participates in ankle joint below.
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
NOTE: The shaft of the fibula is long and slender
TRUE OR FALSE: Since the peroneal nerve passes through the tibia, muscles attached to this is responsible for plantarflexion. When compressed, the foot will be stuck in dorsiflexion.
A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
B. All statements are false
The (1)_____ or (2)______ border of the fibula gives attachment to the interosseous membrane
- medial
- interosseous
Enumerate the tarsal bones.
Calcaneum, Talus, Navicular
Enumerate the bones of the ankle.
Cuboid and 3 Cuneiform (medial, intermediate, and lateral)
How many surfaces do the calcaneum have?
6
Determine which surface of the calcaneum is described.
- is small and articulates with the cuboid bone
- dominated by two articular facets for the talus
- has an anterior tubercle in the midline
and a large medial and a smaller lateral tubercle at the
junction of the inferior and posterior surfaces
A. anterior surface
B. posterior surface
C. superior surface
D. inferior surface
E. medial surface
F. lateral surface
- A
- C
- D
Determine which surface of the calcaneum is described.
- gives attachment to the Achilles tendon
- possesses a large, shelf like process termed as the sustentaculum tali
- forms the prominence of the heel
A. anterior surface
B. posterior surface
C. superior surface
D. inferior surface
E. medial surface
F. lateral surface
- B
- E
- B
This is a small elevation which separates the tendons of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles.
peroneal tubercle
The following is true about the talus, EXCEPT:
A. Turtle shaped
B. It possesses a head, a neck, and a body
C. Head of the talus is directed distally articulates
with calcaneal bone
D. The body of the talus is cuboidal
E. None
C. Head of the talus is directed distally articulates
with calcaneal bone.
NOTE: It articulates with the navicular bone.
