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(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) > S3_L2: Gluteal, Thigh, and Knee Region > Flashcards

S3_L2: Gluteal, Thigh, and Knee Region Flashcards

1
Q

The following is true about the roots of gluteal and thigh nerves, EXCEPT:

A. Sciatic nerve - L4-S3
B. Nerve to quadratus femoris - L4-S1
C. Nerve to piriformis - S2-S4
D. Inferior gluteal nerve - L5-S2
E. None

A

C. Nerve to piriformis S2-S4

NOTE: Nerve to piriformis comes from S1-S2

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The gluteal region is known as the buttock. Its prominence is attributed to muscles and fat present in the area.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. All statements are true

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The fascia lata is a band that is part of the superficial fascia found on the lateral side of the thigh. The deep fascia is thicker because majority of it is muscles.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. All statements are false

NOTE: fascia lata is part of the deep fascia. the superficial fascia is thicker d/t fat.

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4
Q

Determine the following muscles or structures to its corresponding innervation.

  1. cremasteric muscle
  2. clitoris
  3. abdominal muscles

A. Iliohypogastric
B. Ilioinguinal
C. Genitofemoral

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The lumbosacral plexus only possess roots and branches. It is not divided into cords and trunks.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. All statements are true

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6
Q

What is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?

A

femoral nerve

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7
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body and lumbosacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve

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8
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Plane joint

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9
Q

What gait is expected to be observed when there is weakness of the gluteus maximus?

A

lurching gait

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10
Q

When bilateral weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus is present, what gait is expected?

A

waddling gait, or mae west gait

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11
Q

The superior gluteal artery comes from what artery?

A. common iliac artery
B. external iliac artery
C. internal iliac artery
D. abdominal aorta
E. None of the Above

A

C. internal iliac artery

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12
Q

The Greater Sciatic Foramen provides an (1)____ from the (2)_____. On the other hand, the Lesser Sciatic Foramen provides (3)______ into the (4)_____

A
  1. exit
  2. pelvis
  3. entrance
  4. perineum
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13
Q

This is referred to as a group of arteries that go together and supply that area.

A

Anastomosis

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14
Q

iliotibial tract superiorly attaches to the (1)_____ and inferiorly to the (2)_____

A
  1. iliac tubercle
  2. lateral condyle of tibia
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15
Q

Determine the following nerve to its corresponding area of innervation.

  1. Anterior aspect of the thigh below the area supplied by ilioinguinal nerve
  2. Anterolateral and posterolateral aspects of the thigh and knee
  3. Anterior aspect of the thigh below the inguinal ligament

A. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve
B. Intermediate cutaneous nerve
C. Medial cutaneous nerve
D. Ilioinguinal nerve
E. Genitofemoral nerve

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. E
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16
Q

Determine the following nerve to its corresponding area of innervation.

  1. Medial aspect of the thigh
  2. Posterior aspect of the thigh
  3. Labia majora

A. Posterior cutaneous nerve
B. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve
C. Medial cutaneous nerve
D. Ilioinguinal nerve
E. Genitofemoral nerve

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. D
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17
Q

If the femoral nerve is affected, what muscle will be weak?

A

quadriceps

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18
Q

Adductor canal is also called?

A

subsartorial/ hunter’s canal

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19
Q

Which muslce in the lower extremity is also dually innervated?

A

Pectineus

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20
Q

What nerves innervate the pectineus?

A

femoral and obturator nerve

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21
Q

This is the longest muscle of the body, called the sailor or tailor muscle

A

Sartorius

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22
Q

The (1)____ muscle group all attach in the medial surface of shaft of tibia. These are the (2)____, (3)____, and (4)_____ muscles.

A
  1. pes anserine
  2. Sartorius
  3. Gracilis
  4. Semitendinosus
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23
Q

The sciatic nerve supplies what compartment of the thigh?

A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Medial
D. Lateral
E. ALL

A

B. Posterior

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24
Q

The common peroneal nerve is also known as the _____

A

common fibular nerve

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25
Q

This is the largest joint in the body

A

Knee joint

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26
Q

This is a phenomena where when a flexed knee is going to extend, it externally rotates 15 degrees laterally.

A

Screw home mechanism

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27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The lateral condyle is more prominent, longer and lower than the medial condyle of the femur.
So, the lateral condyle is more attached to the tibia.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

B. All statements are false

NOTE: These descriptions are for the medial condyle

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28
Q

What kind of joint is the knee?

A

trochoginglymus joint

NOTE: it is primarily hinge joint but also slightly a pivot joint

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29
Q

The anterior cruciate ligament is (1)____ when knee is flexed and (2)_____ when knee is extended

A
  1. loose
  2. tight
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30
Q

This is the main stabilizer of the femur especially when you are going down stairs

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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31
Q

Enumerate the unhappy triad of o’donoghue.

A

ACL, MCL(tibial collateral ligament), medial meniscus

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32
Q

The gluteal region is bounded superiorly by the (1)_____ and inferiorly by the (2)_____ of the (3)____.

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. gluteal fold
  3. buttock
33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: One side of the buttock is divided into 4 quadrants. The upper inner quadrant is innervated by the posterior rami of first 3 lumbar and first 3 sacral nerve

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

A. All statements are true

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The outer upper quadrant of the buttock is innervated by the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh. The lower inner quadrant is innervated by the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh.

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

35
Q

The lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh comes from what nerve roots?

A

L2-L3

36
Q

This ligament connects the sacrum to ischial tuberosity

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

37
Q

Determine which structures pass through which foramen.

  1. Pudendal nerve
  2. Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins
  3. Nerve to obturator internus
  4. Piriformis muscle
  5. Sciatic nerve

A. Lesser Sciatic Foramen
B. Greater Sciatic Foramen
C. Both
D. Neither

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. C
  4. B
  5. B
38
Q

Determine which structures pass through which foramen.

  1. Tendon of obturator internus muscle
  2. Internal pudendal artery and vein
  3. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  4. Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
  5. Tensor Fascia Lata

A. Lesser Sciatic Foramen
B. Greater Sciatic Foramen
C. Both
D. Neither

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. B
  5. D
39
Q

This is the largest muscle in the body. It is also responsible for the prominence of the buttock

A

Gluteus Maximus

40
Q

This is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve that arises in the lower third of the thigh

A

Tibial Nerve

41
Q

The medial compartment of the thigh is supplied by which nerve?

A

obturator nerve

42
Q

This is the main arterial supply to the lower extremity

A

Femoral Artery

43
Q

The femoral artery is in which compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

lateral compartment

44
Q

Enumerate the actions of the quadriceps femoris.

A

hip flexion (rectus femoris) and knee extension (all)

45
Q

Pick 2 muscles that abducts and medial rotates the thigh.

A. Piriformis
B. Gluteus Medius
C. Gluteus Maximus
D. Gluteus Minimus

A

B & D

46
Q

What muscle adducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint?

A. Adductor longus
B. Adductor magnus
C. Biceps Femoris short head
D. Biceps Femoris long head

A

B. Adductor magnus

47
Q

What muscle adducts thigh and flexes knee?

A. Gracilis
B. Adductor longus
C. Adductor brevis
D. Adductor magnus

A

A. Gracilis

48
Q

Which is the prime mover/s for hip extension.

A. Biceps Femoris long head
B. Semimembranosus
C. Semitendinosus
D. Gluteus Maximus

A

D. Gluteus Maximus

49
Q

Which of the muscle does not belong to knee extensors.

A. Biceps femoris
B. Rectus femoris
C. Vastus intermedius
D. Vastus lateralis

A

A. Biceps femoris

50
Q

What is the action of iliopsoas muscle?

A

Flexes thigh

51
Q

Pick the prime mover or movers for the hip flexors.

A. Iliopsoas
B. Tensor Fascia latae
C. Rectus Fermoris
D. Pectineus
E. Sartorius

A

A. Iliopsoas & C. Rectus Fermoris

52
Q

This ligament connects the sacrum to the ischial spine

A

Sacrospinous ligament

53
Q

Determine which nerves innervate the following muscles.

  1. Tensor Fascia Latae
  2. Gluteus Maximus
  3. Obturator Internus

A. superior gluteal nerve
B. inferior gluteal nerve
C. anterior rami of first and second sacral nerves
D. nerve to obturator internus
E. nerve to quadratus internus

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
54
Q

Determine which nerves innervate the following muscles.

  1. Gluteus Minimus
  2. Gemellus Superior
  3. Piriformis

A. superior gluteal nerve
B. inferior gluteal nerve
C. anterior rami of first and second sacral nerves
D. nerve to obturator internus
E. nerve to quadratus internus

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. C
55
Q

What roots make up the Superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4-S1

56
Q

What roots make up the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

57
Q

What roots make up the tibial nerve?

A

L5-S2

58
Q

The (1)_____ Anastomosis is the main supply to head of femur, while the (2)_____ Anastomosis supplies and is found at the level of the lesser trochanter.

A
  1. Trochanteric
  2. Cruciate
59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Trochanteric Anastomosis is formed by the Inferior gluteal artery, Medial femoral circumflex a., and 1st perforating artery.

A

False.

These arteries form the cruciate anastomosis.

60
Q

Determine which ligament is being described.

  1. Spiral shaped & attached to body of ischium
  2. limits extension and abduction
  3. it deepens the acetabular fossa and grasps the
    femoral head beyond its equator

A. Iliofemoral ligament
B. Pubofemoral ligament
C. Ischiofemoral ligament
D. Ligament of head of femur (Ligamentum teres)
E. Transverse Acetabular ligament

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. E
61
Q

Determine which ligament is being described.

  1. strongest ligament in the body
  2. Y-shape strong ligament of Bigelow
  3. weak and of little importance in strengthening the hip joint

A. Iliofemoral ligament
B. Pubofemoral ligament
C. Ischiofemoral ligament
D. Ligament of head of femur (Ligamentum teres)
E. Transverse Acetabular ligament

A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. D
62
Q

Determine which ligament is being described.

  1. limits adduction and provides a pathway for blood vessels to enter the head of femur.
  2. prevents hyperextension when standing & lateral
    rotation
  3. Base is from superior ramus of pubis and goes to the intertrochanteric line

A. Iliofemoral ligament
B. Pubofemoral ligament
C. Ischiofemoral ligament
D. Ligament of head of femur (Ligamentum teres)
E. Transverse Acetabular ligament

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. B
63
Q

This is the synovial plane joint between the sacrum and iliac bones

A

Sacroiliac joint

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Sacrococcygeal joint is a plane joint. It is innervated by the pudendal nerve

A. All statements are true
B. All statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true

A

D. Only the 2nd statement is true

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The fatty layer of the anterior abdomen continues to down to the thigh.

A

True

66
Q

This is a gap in the deep fascia in the front of the thigh just below the inguinal ligament, below and lateral to pubic tubercle

A

Saphenous opening

67
Q

This is the lower lateral border of saphenous opening, which lies anterior to the femoral vessels

A

Falciform margin

68
Q

The saphenous opening is covered by loose connective
tissue called the ______.

A

cribriform fascia

69
Q

This is a fan shaped muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve.

A

Iliacus

70
Q

This is a depression situated on upper part of the medial aspect of the thigh below inguinal ligament

A

Femoral Triangle

71
Q

The Femoral Triangle is laterally bounded by the?

A

sartorius

72
Q

The Femoral Triangle is superiorly bounded by the?

A

inguinal ligament

73
Q

The following are contents of the femoral triangle, EXCEPT:

A. Femoral vein
B. Femoral artery
C. Deep inguinal lymph nodes
D. Femoral nerve
E. None

A

E. None

74
Q

The following are the boundaries of the adductor canal, EXCEPT:

A. vastus medialis - lateral
B. adductor longus and magnus - posterior
C. sartorius muscle - anteromedial
D. femoral sheath - roof
E. None

A

D. femoral sheath

75
Q

The following are the boundaries of the femoral sheath, EXCEPT:

A. Lateral – femoral artery
B. Intermediate – femoral vein
C. Medial – lymph vessels and femoral canal
D. Roof - skin and fascia of the thigh
E. None

A

D. Roof - skin and fascia of the thigh

76
Q

Femoral Artery enters thigh through what ligament?

A

inguinal ligament

77
Q

The following are the branches of the femoral artery, EXCEPT:

A. Descending genicular artery
B. Deep external pudendal artery
C. Superficial external pudendal artery
D. Superficial epigastric artery
E. Superficial circumflex iliac artery

A

C. Superficial external pudendal artery

78
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The saphenous nerve is a posterior branch of the femoral nerve

A

True

(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) (13 decks)

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