S1_L4: Neck and Triangle

Question 1

The following statements regarding the CERVICAL VERTEBRAE are true, EXCEPT:

A. The spinous processes are short and without a notch
B. The superior facet is directed superioposteriorly and
inferior facet are directed inferoanterior
C. The vertebral foramen is triangular and large
D. The transverse processes contains transverse foramen for passage of vertebral vein and artery
E. None

Answer 1

A. The spinous processes are short and without a notch

Question 2

1. atypical
2. ring-like structure
3. where occipital condyle of the skull articulates
4. peg-like structure
5. lacking a spinous process and body

A. Atlas
B. Axis
C. Both
D. Neither

Answer 2

1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A

Question 3

What is known as the vertebra prominence?

Answer 3

C7

Question 4

This is a lesion in the sternocleidomastoid muscle causing the
head to turn to the side and face away from the affected side

Answer 4

Torticollis (wry neck)

Question 5

This muscle marks the key landmark in the neck dividing neck into
anterior and posterior triangles.

Answer 5

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 6

The hyoid bone corresponds to what level in the spine?

Answer 6

C3

Question 7

The Larynx corresponds to what level in the spine?

Answer 7

C4-5

Question 8

The Cricoid cartilage corresponds to what level in the spine?

Answer 8

C6

Question 9

The cervical plexus is made up of which cranial roots?

Answer 9

C1-C4

Question 10

These are group of nerves, all coming from the neck area, grouped together to form peripheral nerves and supply the upper extremities

Answer 10

Brachial Plexus

Question 11

Determine if the following vertebrae is typical or atypical.

1. C2
2. C5
3. C7
4. C4
5. C3

A. Typical
B. Atypical

Answer 11

1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: Only the C3-C6, typical vertebrae, has a transverse foramen.

Answer 12

False.

NOTE: All cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen. All other vertebrae in other region only contain transverse processes

Question 13

This is also known as the YES joint

Answer 13

Atlanto-occipital joint

Question 14

Determine which joint is being described by the following statements.

1. Between the lateral mases of the bones
2. Pivot joint
3. Condyloid joint
4. Action: flexion, extension and lateral flexion
5. Action: rotation

A. Atlanto-occipital joint
B. Atlanto-axial joint
C. Both
D. None

Answer 14

1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B

Question 15

This is known as the continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament up to occipital bone in foramen magnum

Answer 15

Membrane tectoria

Question 16

Joints of vertebral column below axis are what type of joints?

Answer 16

Plane joint

Question 17

The hyoid bone, (1)_____ in shape, forms the base of the (2)____.

Answer 17

1. U
2. tongue

Question 18

This is an organ that provides protective sphincter at the inlet of
air passage and is responsible for voice production

Answer 18

Larynx

Question 19

This is the largest cartilage of the larynx

Answer 19

Thyroid cartilage

Question 20

The (1)______, also known as (2)______ of the thyroid cartilage, consists of two laminae that meet in midline

Answer 20

1. “Adam’s Apple”
2. laryngeal prominence

Question 21

The following is true about the Cricoid cartilage, EXCEPT:

A. Made up of Hyaline cartilage
B. Shaped like a signet ring
C. Articulates with the inferior cornu of thyroid
D. Articulates with arytenoid cartilage anteriorly
E. None

Answer 21

D. Articulates with arytenoid cartilage anteriorly

NOTE: It articulates with arytenoid cartilage posteriorly

Question 22

The following is true about the Arytenoid Cartilage, EXCEPT:

A. Small and pyramid shape at back of larynx
B. There are 2 arytenoid cartilages
C. Articulates with cricoid cartilage
D. Parts: apex, base, vocal process, muscular process
E. None

Answer 22

E. None

Question 23

Deep cervical fascia is divided into the (1)______, (2)_____, and (3)_____

Answer 23

1. investing layer
2. pretracheal layer
3. prevertebral layer

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE: The deep fascia layer is vulnerable during surgery and is prone to spreading of infections.

Answer 24

False.

Fascial layers form natural cleavage planes through which tissues may be separated during surgery and limit spread of infections.

Question 25

Match the following descriptions to its corresponding layer of fascia. 1. Also known as visceral layer 2. Attached above the thyroid and cricoid cartilage 3. Enclose the trapezius (at the back) and SCM (at the front) 4. Encloses the submandibular gland and parotid gland 5. Covers the longus capitis and longus cervicis A. Investing layer B. Pretracheal layer C. Prevertebral layer

Answer 25

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C

Question 26

Match the following descriptions to its corresponding layer of fascia. 1. Enters thorax and blends with the anterior longitudinal ligament 2. Extends into the thorax and blends with the fibrous pericardium 3. Surrounding area of trachea 4. Passes around the neck to be attached to ligamentum nuchae 5. Surrounds entire neck deep to the skin and superficial cervical fascia (anterior to posterior) A. Investing layer B. Pretracheal layer C. Prevertebral layer

Answer 26

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A

Question 27

This is a wide thin subcutaneous sheet of striated muscle embedded within superficial fascia whose action tenses the skin of the neck and draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and assists in depressing the mandible.

Answer 27

Platysma

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: All stiff neck are torticollis.

Answer 28

False.

Question 29

Enumerate the 2 MOI or causes of wry neck.

Answer 29

1. congenital 2. acquired (pulled too hard during delivery)

Question 30

This is a large flat triangular muscle that is termed as the "tension muscle"

Answer 30

Trapezius

Question 31

The following are contained within the carotid sheath, EXCEPT: A. Sympathetic nerve fibers B. Carotid sinus nerve C. Vagus nerve D. Internal carotid arteries E. Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Answer 31

E. Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Question 32

The following muscles are paired correctly with their actions, EXCEPT: A. Digastric muscle - Elevates hyoid and depresses mandible B. Stylohyoid - Elevates hyoid bone C. Thyrohyoid - Elevates hyoid and depresses larynx D. Sternohyoid - Depresses hyoid bone E. Sternothyroid - Depresses larynx

Answer 32

C. Thyrohyoid - Elevates hyoid and depresses larynx NOTE: The Thyrohyoid muscle depress hyoid and raises larynx.

Question 33

Name the 3 boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 33

1. Midline of the neck 2. SCM 3. Mandible

Question 34

Name the 3 boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 34

1. Trapezius 2. SCM 3. Clavicle

Question 35

Determine if the following is part of the anterior or posterior triangle. 1. Carotid 2. Omoclavicular 3. Submental 4. Muscular 5. Occipital A. Anterior Triangle B. Posterior Triangle C. Both D. Neither

Answer 35

1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B

Question 36

The following triangles are matched with their correct boundaries, EXCEPT: A. DIGASTRIC - posterior and anterior belly, mandible B. OCCIPITAL - SCM, inferior omohyoid, trapezius C. CAROTID - SCM, posterior digastric, superior omohyoid D. SUPRACLAVICULAR - SCM, superior omohyoid, clavicle E. MUSCULAR - midline, superior omohyoid, SCM

Answer 36

D. SUPRACLAVICULAR - SCM, superior omohyoid, clavicle NOTE: It is bounded by the inferior omohyoid.

Question 37

The carotid triangle contains the following, EXCEPT: A. Internal jugular vein B. Hypoglossal nerve C. Branches of cervical plexus D. External carotid artery E. Transverse cervical artery

Answer 37

E. Transverse cervical artery

Question 38

The Digastric triangle contains the following, EXCEPT: A. Hypoglossal nerves B. Mylohyoid nerve C. Parts of facial artery and vein D. Part of external jugular vein E. Submandibular gland

Answer 38

D. Part of external jugular vein

Question 39

The Occipital triangle contains the following, EXCEPT: A. Parathyroid glands B. Spinal accessory nerve C. Cervical lymph nodes D. Transverse cervical artery E. Brachial plexus

Answer 39

A. Parathyroid glands

Question 40

In what triangle do the Brachial Plexus form?

Answer 40

posterior triangle

Question 41

The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the (1)______ rami of the (2)______ cervical and (3)______ spinal nerve

Answer 41

1. anterior 2. 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th 3. 1st thoracic

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE: Roots of brachial plexus enter base of the neck between scalenus anterior and scalenus medius and pass interscalene triangle

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What spinal nerves are part of the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 43

C1-C3

Question 44

This is the nerve to the diaphragm.

Answer 44

phrenic nerve