S1_L4: Neck and Triangle Flashcards
The following statements regarding the CERVICAL VERTEBRAE are true, EXCEPT:
A. The spinous processes are short and without a notch
B. The superior facet is directed superioposteriorly and
inferior facet are directed inferoanterior
C. The vertebral foramen is triangular and large
D. The transverse processes contains transverse foramen for passage of vertebral vein and artery
E. None
A. The spinous processes are short and without a notch
- atypical
- ring-like structure
- where occipital condyle of the skull articulates
- peg-like structure
- lacking a spinous process and body
A. Atlas
B. Axis
C. Both
D. Neither
- C
- A
- A
- B
- A
What is known as the vertebra prominence?
C7
This is a lesion in the sternocleidomastoid muscle causing the
head to turn to the side and face away from the affected side
Torticollis (wry neck)
This muscle marks the key landmark in the neck dividing neck into
anterior and posterior triangles.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
The hyoid bone corresponds to what level in the spine?
C3
The Larynx corresponds to what level in the spine?
C4-5
The Cricoid cartilage corresponds to what level in the spine?
C6
The cervical plexus is made up of which cranial roots?
C1-C4
These are group of nerves, all coming from the neck area, grouped together to form peripheral nerves and supply the upper extremities
Brachial Plexus
Determine if the following vertebrae is typical or atypical.
- C2
- C5
- C7
- C4
- C3
A. Typical
B. Atypical
- B
- A
- B
- A
- A
TRUE OR FALSE: Only the C3-C6, typical vertebrae, has a transverse foramen.
False.
NOTE: All cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen. All other vertebrae in other region only contain transverse processes
This is also known as the YES joint
Atlanto-occipital joint
Determine which joint is being described by the following statements.
- Between the lateral mases of the bones
- Pivot joint
- Condyloid joint
- Action: flexion, extension and lateral flexion
- Action: rotation
A. Atlanto-occipital joint
B. Atlanto-axial joint
C. Both
D. None
- B
- B
- A
- A
- B
This is known as the continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament up to occipital bone in foramen magnum
Membrane tectoria
Joints of vertebral column below axis are what type of joints?
Plane joint
The hyoid bone, (1)_____ in shape, forms the base of the (2)____.
- U
- tongue
This is an organ that provides protective sphincter at the inlet of
air passage and is responsible for voice production
Larynx
This is the largest cartilage of the larynx
Thyroid cartilage
The (1)______, also known as (2)______ of the thyroid cartilage, consists of two laminae that meet in midline
- “Adam’s Apple”
- laryngeal prominence
The following is true about the Cricoid cartilage, EXCEPT:
A. Made up of Hyaline cartilage
B. Shaped like a signet ring
C. Articulates with the inferior cornu of thyroid
D. Articulates with arytenoid cartilage anteriorly
E. None
D. Articulates with arytenoid cartilage anteriorly
NOTE: It articulates with arytenoid cartilage posteriorly
The following is true about the Arytenoid Cartilage, EXCEPT:
A. Small and pyramid shape at back of larynx
B. There are 2 arytenoid cartilages
C. Articulates with cricoid cartilage
D. Parts: apex, base, vocal process, muscular process
E. None
E. None
Deep cervical fascia is divided into the (1)______, (2)_____, and (3)_____
- investing layer
- pretracheal layer
- prevertebral layer
TRUE OR FALSE: The deep fascia layer is vulnerable during surgery and is prone to spreading of infections.
False.
Fascial layers form natural cleavage planes through which tissues may be separated during surgery and limit spread of infections.
Match the following descriptions to its corresponding layer of fascia.
- Also known as visceral layer
- Attached above the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
- Enclose the trapezius (at the back) and SCM (at the front)
- Encloses the submandibular gland and parotid gland
- Covers the longus capitis and longus cervicis
A. Investing layer
B. Pretracheal layer
C. Prevertebral layer
- B
- B
- A
- A
- C
Match the following descriptions to its corresponding layer of fascia.
- Enters thorax and blends with the anterior longitudinal ligament
- Extends into the thorax and blends with the fibrous pericardium
- Surrounding area of trachea
- Passes around the neck to be attached to ligamentum nuchae
- Surrounds entire neck deep to the skin and superficial cervical fascia (anterior to posterior)
A. Investing layer
B. Pretracheal layer
C. Prevertebral layer
- C
- B
- B
- C
- A
This is a wide thin subcutaneous sheet of striated muscle embedded within superficial fascia whose action tenses the skin of the neck and draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and assists in depressing the mandible.
Platysma
TRUE OR FALSE: All stiff neck are torticollis.
False.
Enumerate the 2 MOI or causes of wry neck.
- congenital
- acquired (pulled too hard during delivery)
This is a large flat triangular muscle that is termed as the “tension muscle”
Trapezius
The following are contained within the carotid sheath, EXCEPT:
A. Sympathetic nerve fibers
B. Carotid sinus nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Internal carotid arteries
E. Superficial cervical lymph nodes
E. Superficial cervical lymph nodes
The following muscles are paired correctly with their actions, EXCEPT:
A. Digastric muscle - Elevates hyoid and depresses mandible
B. Stylohyoid - Elevates hyoid bone
C. Thyrohyoid - Elevates hyoid and depresses larynx
D. Sternohyoid - Depresses hyoid bone
E. Sternothyroid - Depresses larynx
C. Thyrohyoid - Elevates hyoid and depresses larynx
NOTE: The Thyrohyoid muscle depress hyoid and raises larynx.
Name the 3 boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck.
- Midline of the neck
- SCM
- Mandible
Name the 3 boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck.
- Trapezius
- SCM
- Clavicle
Determine if the following is part of the anterior or posterior triangle.
- Carotid
- Omoclavicular
- Submental
- Muscular
- Occipital
A. Anterior Triangle
B. Posterior Triangle
C. Both
D. Neither
- A
- B
- A
- A
- B
The following triangles are matched with their correct boundaries, EXCEPT:
A. DIGASTRIC - posterior and anterior belly, mandible
B. OCCIPITAL - SCM, inferior omohyoid, trapezius
C. CAROTID - SCM, posterior digastric, superior
omohyoid
D. SUPRACLAVICULAR - SCM, superior omohyoid,
clavicle
E. MUSCULAR - midline, superior omohyoid, SCM
D. SUPRACLAVICULAR - SCM, superior omohyoid,
clavicle
NOTE: It is bounded by the inferior omohyoid.
The carotid triangle contains the following, EXCEPT:
A. Internal jugular vein
B. Hypoglossal nerve
C. Branches of cervical plexus
D. External carotid artery
E. Transverse cervical artery
E. Transverse cervical artery
The Digastric triangle contains the following, EXCEPT:
A. Hypoglossal nerves
B. Mylohyoid nerve
C. Parts of facial artery and vein
D. Part of external jugular vein
E. Submandibular gland
D. Part of external jugular vein
The Occipital triangle contains the following, EXCEPT:
A. Parathyroid glands
B. Spinal accessory nerve
C. Cervical lymph nodes
D. Transverse cervical artery
E. Brachial plexus
A. Parathyroid glands
In what triangle do the Brachial Plexus form?
posterior triangle
The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the (1)______ rami of the (2)______
cervical and (3)______ spinal nerve
- anterior
- 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
- 1st thoracic
TRUE OR FALSE: Roots of brachial plexus enter base of the neck between scalenus anterior and scalenus medius and pass interscalene triangle
True
What spinal nerves are part of the ansa cervicalis?
C1-C3
This is the nerve to the diaphragm.
phrenic nerve
