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(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) > S2_L1: Upper Extremity Osteology > Flashcards

S2_L1: Upper Extremity Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

This is the 1st bone to ossify in the human body.

A

clavicle

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2
Q

In the clavicle, the sternal extremity or (1)____ end is blunt and (2)_____ in shape.

A
  1. medial
  2. convex
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3
Q

The following is true about the clavicle, EXCEPT:

A. Most commonly fractured bone in the body
B. Connected medially to the sternum and laterally to the scapula
C. Anterior/front is rough because this is where ligaments attach
D. Part of the shoulder girdle
E. None

A

C. Anterior/front is rough because this is where ligaments attach

NOTE: The posterior aspect is the attachment sites of the ligaments.

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4
Q

Enumerate the 3 angles of the scapula.

A

Superior, Inferior, and Lateral

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5
Q

Enumerate the 3 borders of the scapula.

A

Superior, Medial (vertebral), and Lateral (axillary)

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6
Q

Match the following landmarks to its corresponding spinal level.

  1. Spine of Scapula
  2. Superior angle of scapula
  3. Inferior angle of scapula

A. T1
B. T2
C. T3
D. T5
E. T7

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. E
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Spine of the Scapula divides the posterior side to supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

A

True

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8
Q

The following is true about the sternum, EXCEPT:

A. also known as breastbone
B. divided into: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
C. sternal angle of Louis is the junction of the body and manubrium
D. sternal angle of Louis is a cartilaginous joint
E. sternal angle of Louis is between IV disc of T3-T4

A

E. sternal angle of Louis is between IV disc of T3-T4

NOTE: It is between T4-T5.

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9
Q

The following is true about the humerus, EXCEPT:

A. Its proximal has a spiral groove which accommodates the radial nerve
B. Longest bone in the UE
C. Its head is 1/3 of a sphere
D. The surgical neck is the area where fracture is most common
E. NONE

A

E. NONE

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10
Q

The following is true about the parts of the humerus, EXCEPT:

A. Olecranon fossa – receives olecranon process of ulna when elbow is extended
B. Medial epicondyle - sometimes called the funny bone
C. Lateral epicondyle - more prominent than medial epicondyle
D. Trochlea – pulley shaped
E. NONE

A

C. Lateral epicondyle - more prominent than medial epicondyle

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11
Q

The following is true about the radius, EXCEPT:

A. Becomes wider distally
B. Only articulates with the scaphoid bone distally
C. Lateral bone in the forearm
D. Rotates with the ulna to allow pronation and supination
E. NONE

A

B. Only articulates with the scaphoid bone distally

NOTE: It articulates with the scaphoid and lunate and/or triquetrum bone (Snell)

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12
Q

The following is true about the carpal bones, EXCEPT:

A. There are 8 carpal bones
B. Attached to one another and forms a plane joint
C. Pisiform is pea-shaped
D. Capitate is the center of the carpal bones
E. NONE

A

E. NONE

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13
Q

Which carpal bone is 1st to ossify?

A

Capitate

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14
Q

Most commonly fracture carpal bone is the ___.

A

scaphoid

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15
Q

Most commonly dislocated bone is the _____.

A

lunate

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Phalanges are long bones.

A

True

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17
Q

How many lobes do the breasts have?

A

15-20

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18
Q

Match the following descriptions to the word it corresponds to.

  1. Also known as ampulla
  2. Small, elevated part of breast
  3. Colored area of skin around the nipple

A. NIPPLE
B. AREOLA
C. LACTIFEROUS DUCTS
D. LACTIFEROUS SINUS
E. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. B
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19
Q

Match the following descriptions to the word it corresponds to.

  1. fibrous septa that separates lobes of the gland,
  2. carry milk toward the nipple
  3. tiny tubercles on the areola

A. AREOLAR GLANDS OF MONTGOMERY
B. RETROMAMMARY SPACE
C. LACTIFEROUS DUCTS
D. LACTIFEROUS SINUS
E. SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT

A
  1. E
  2. C
  3. A
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20
Q

The level of the nipple line is at _____.

A

T4

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21
Q

Female breasts gradually enlarge and assume a
(1)______ shape due to (2)______ hormones

A
  1. hemispherical
  2. ovarian
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22
Q

The axillary region, also known as (1)_____, is (2)____ in shape and between the upper part of arm and side of
chest

A
  1. armpit
  2. pyramid
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23
Q

This artery gives of the main blood supply to the upper limb

A

axillary artery

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24
Q

The following is true about the axillary artery, EXCEPT:

A. Continuation of subclavian artery at the lateral border of 1st rib
B. Ends at the upper border of the teres major muscle to become the brachial artery
C. Divided by the Pectoralis minor muscle into
three parts
D. Enclosed in the axillary sheath
E. NONE

A

B. Ends at the upper border of the teres major muscle to become the brachial artery

NOTE: It ends at the lower border of the teres major.

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25
Q

The following is true about the brachial plexus, EXCEPT:

A. The cords are named based on relationship with the second part of the axillary artery
B. Long Thoracic Nerve arise from C5-C6 Roots
C. Musculocutaneous Nerve arise from C5-C7 Roots
D. Provides sensory innervation to the skin and deep structures and motor innervation to the muscles
E. NONE

A

B. Long Thoracic Nerve arise from C5-C6 Roots

NOTE: Long Thoracic Nerve arise from C5-C7 Roots

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26
Q

The following is true about the nerves of the brachial plexus, EXCEPT:

A. Axillary Nerve arise from C5-C6
B. Radial Nerve arise from C5-T1
C. Ulnar Nerve arise from C7-T1
D. Median Nerve arise from C5-T1
E. NONE

A

C. Ulnar Nerve arise from C7-T1

NOTE: It is from C8-T1.

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27
Q

The most common site for breast cancer is at the (1-2)_____ quadrant.

A

1-2. upper outer

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Lateral (acromial extremity) end of the clavicle is flat and convex.

A

False.

It is concave for the attachment of the acromion process of scapula

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The scapula, being the shoulder bone, is between 2nd to 7th ribs.

A

True

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Sternal angle of Louis marks the inferior level of the pericardium, the sac enclosing the heart, and the superior limit of the pulmonary trunk

A

False.

It marks the the superior level of the pericardium.

31
Q

This is the pear shape shallow cavity that articulates with the humeral head.

A

Glenoid cavity

32
Q

In the manubrium, where is the 1st rib attached?

A

Costal facets

33
Q

The following is FALSE about the Sternal Angle of Louis, EXCEPT:

A. marks the site of articulation of rib 1 with the sternum
B. passage of the thoracic duct from anterior and posterior to the esophagus
C. is the level at which the trachea bifurcates into right and left main bronchi
D. Shows the level of the beginning and end of the arch of the larynx
E. boundary between the superior and inferior portion of the pericardium

A

C. is the level at which the trachea bifurcates into
right and left main bronchi

NOTE:
(A) must be rib 2
(B) must be right to left behind the esophagus
(D) shows beginning and end of the arch of aorta
(E) boundary between the mediastinum

34
Q

This bony structure is above trochlea and is designated for the articulation of the coronoid process

A

Coronoid fossa

35
Q

The Olecranon fossa receives olecranon process of ulna when elbow is _____.

A

extended

36
Q

This is a fibrous joint connecting the radius to the ulna

A

Interosseous membrane

37
Q

What type of joint is the Proximal and Distal radioulnar joint?

A

pivot joint

38
Q

This forms the prominence of the elbow posteriorly

A

Olecranon

39
Q

What is the MNEMONICS used for the carpal bones?

A

Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

40
Q

What is the most mobile metacarpal bone

A

1st metacarpal of the thumb

41
Q

The following are true about the breast, EXCEPT:

A. Specialize accessory glands of the skin that are capable of secreting milk
B. Present in both sexes
C. Both sexes’ breast are functional
D. On top of pectoral muscles
E. None

A

C. Both sexes’ breast are functional

NOTE: Only women’s are

42
Q

Base of breast extends from what to what ribs?

A

2nd to 6th ribs

43
Q

When sagging, at which level do breast able to extend?

A

T10

44
Q

Determine which of the walls of the axillary region are match incorrectly.

A. Anterior wall – pectoralis major, subclavius, and pectoralis minor muscles
B. Posterior wall – subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle
C. Lateral wall - coracobrachialis and biceps muscles
in the bicipital groove of humerus
D. Medial wall – upper 3 ribs, intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior muscle
E. None

A

D. Medial wall – upper 3 ribs, intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior muscle

NOTE: It is bounded by the upper four or five ribs

45
Q

This arises from the union of venae comitantes of brachial artery and basilic vein

A

Axillary Vein

46
Q

The _____ cord of the brachial plexus came from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks

A

Lateral

47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Ulnar nerve comes from the medial cord.

A

True

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Lateral Pectoral Nerve comes from the posterior cord.

A

False.

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Musculocutaneous nerve comes from the lateral cord.

A

True

50
Q

These are group of nerves that come out directly from the roots

A

Plexus

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The Cervical plexus loop and group together in front of the levator scapulae muscle and scalenus medius muscle

A

True

52
Q

The cervical plexus provided motor innervation to what muscle of respiration?

A

Diaphragm

53
Q

The Brachial Plexus are grouped together in the ______

A

interscalene triangle

54
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus are found surrounding the ______ artery.

A

axillary

55
Q

This is a bilobed endocrine structure found on the front of the trachea

A

Thyroid

56
Q

What connects the 2 lobes of the trachea?

A

isthmus

57
Q

Sometimes, some people have an extra lobe in the trachea called the pyramidal lobe. Pyramidal lobe is connected by a muscular branch to hyoid called?

A

levator glandulae thyroideae

58
Q

What is the thyroid gland responsible for?

A

metabolic activities

59
Q

Parathyroids secrete Parathyroid hormones which are responsible for the _____ in the body.

A

calcium

NOTE: It stimulates osteoclastic activity in the bone

60
Q

Both ends of the trachea’s cartilages are connected by a muscle known as _____?

A

trachealis muscle

61
Q

How long is an esophagus?

A

about 10 inches long

62
Q

The following is true about the esophagus, EXCEPT:

A. Involuntary muscle supplied by ANS
B. Part of gastrointestinal tract
C. Pierces the diaphragm
D. Esophageal opening at the level of T9
E. Has 3 constrictions

A

D. Esophageal opening at the level of T9

NOTE: It should be T10

63
Q

The esophagus has 3 constrictions: cricopharyngeal (cervical) constriction at level of (1)_____, aortic (thoracic) constriction at level of (2)_____, and esophageal opening (abdominal constriction) at the level of (3)______.

A
  1. C6
  2. T4-5
  3. T10
64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The scapula is an irregular bone.

A

False

NOTE: It is a flat bone rather than irregular bone

65
Q

The scaphoid is sometimes called ____.

A

boat

66
Q

The trapezium is also known as _____.

A

greater multangular

67
Q

What type of joints are Interphalangeal joints?

A

hinge joint

68
Q

TRUE OR FASLE: MCP joints are condyloid joints.

A

True

(1) Anatomy (by Regions, Musculoskeletal) (13 decks)

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