S1: Disease

Question 1

What is immunobiology?

Answer 1

The study of the response of the animal body to organisms that cause disease

Question 2

What is the definition of disease?

Answer 2

A morbid (sick) process, that can affect the whole body or a part of the body with a characteristic group of symptoms

Question 3

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 3

A disease that is caused by a living agent, that can often be transmitted from one individual to another

Question 4

What are the four common types of living agents?

Answer 4

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 5

What is a non-infectious disease?

Answer 5

A disease where there is no living agent involved

Question 6

What does the term contagious mean?

Answer 6

Refers to the ease of transmission of an agent from one individual to another

Question 7

What does the term infectious mean?

Answer 7

Means that the disease is caused by a living agent

Question 8

What are saprophytes?

Answer 8

Bacteria that live on dead material, seldom cause disease and common around decaying organic matter

Question 9

What are parasites?

Answer 9

Organisms that live off and challenge living host tissues

Question 10

What is bacteremia?

Answer 10

A situation in which bacteria are present in the blood of an animal, may or may not cause sickness

Question 11

What is septicemia?

Answer 11

A situation in which there is bacteria multiplying in the blood and causing disease

Question 12

What is toxemia?

Answer 12

The presence of toxins (poisons) in the blood

Question 13

What is commensalism?

Answer 13

A harmless relationship between a microorganism and the animal body, ex. The normal bacteria that live on skin

Question 14

What is symbiosis?

Answer 14

A beneficial relationship between a microorganism and a host, ex. The bacteria that live in the intestines of animals.

Question 15

What is parasitism?

Answer 15

A challenging relationship between a microorganism and a host

Question 16

What are the three stages of the development of infectious disease?

Answer 16

Incubation period
Period of illness
Period of convalescence

Question 17

What happens in the incubation period?

Answer 17

An infectious agent is established in the body, and there is rapid multiplication. The host remains visibly healthy. The duration of this period can take days, weeks, or years.

Question 18

What happens in the period of illness?

Answer 18

There is development of clinical signs and the animal is now visibly sick. Animal may or may not progress past this stage due to death

Question 19

What happens in the period of convalescence?

Answer 19

The animal’s immune system overcomes the infectious agent, and the animal’s health improves. The infectious agent may still be present within the host or completely eliminated.

Question 20

What is an acute disease?

Answer 20

Onset of a disease that may be very rapid, with severe signs and a short course of 12 - 24 hours

Question 21

What is a chronic disease?

Answer 21

A disease that is ongoing and progressively debilitating, often difficult to treat and ending in death

Question 22

What is a peracute disease?

Answer 22

The onset of disease is very acute with the duration of a few hours only

Question 23

What is a subacute disease?

Answer 23

A type of disease that is somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. Often a week’s duration.

Question 24

What is a local infection?

Answer 24

An infectious agent that has a predilection for a particular location in the body, or has invaded an area and remains active only in that area.

Question 25

What is a systematic infection?

Answer 25

An infectious agents that has gained entrance to the bloodstream and has spread throughout the body. Assumed to be in all organs