S/M2

Question 1

First sense to develop

Answer 1

Touch

Question 2

Touch development milestones

Answer 2

8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks

Question 3

Touch

For the first 6 months

Answer 3

Infants show automatic grasp reflex

Question 4

Touch

10 weeks

Answer 4

Reflexive grasp response to palm touch

Question 5

Touch is an essential

Answer 5

Part of attachment boding

Question 6

Sann + Streri (2007)

Research question

Answer 6

Can young infants cross-modal match?

Question 7

Sann + Streri (2007)

2 experiments

Answer 7

1. Matching touch to vision

2. Matching vision to touch

Question 8

Sann + Streri (2007)

Method

Answer 8

Infants either shown/given to hold item until habituation

Question 9

Sann + Streri (2007)

Findings (2)

Answer 9

1. Infants look longer at novel object when shown

2. Infants don’t hold novel object for any longer when given

Question 10

Sann + Streri (2007)

Conclusion

Answer 10

Cross-modal matching is not bi-directional at birth

Question 11

Sann + Streri (2007)

Infants can identify an object

Answer 11

They’ve previously held

Question 12

Motor development has major consequences

Answer 12

For cognition

Question 13

Crawling occurs between

Answer 13

5 and 11 months

Question 14

Herbert et al., 2007

Acquiring the ability to

Answer 14

Move unaided brings concurrent memory improvements

Question 15

Herbert et al., 2007

9 month olds were split into two groups:

Answer 15

1. Crawling

2. Non-crawling

Question 16

Herbert et al., 2007

Method: Infants were shown…

Answer 16

How to play with a novel toy

Had specific action associated with it

Question 17

Herbert et al., 2007

Results (2)

Answer 17

1. Both groups could remember target action

2. Only crawling could retrieve memory in new context

Question 18

Study

9 month old crawling vs non-crawling memory task study

Conducted by

Answer 18

Herbert et al., 2007

Question 19

Herbert et al., 2007

The results give evidence for

Answer 19

Crawling = new experiences = greater memory flexibility

Question 20

Adolph, Tamis-LeMonda, 2014

Going from crawling to walking requires…(3)

Answer 20

Muscle development
New patterns of limb coordination
Balance control

Question 21

Kretch, Franchak + Adolph (2014)

Attached an eye camera to infants, finding…

Answer 21

Walking allowed:

1. Better visual input
2. Better social interaction

Question 22

Perception

Answer 22

How we see/hear/experience the world

Question 23

Cognition

Answer 23

How we form/use/act upon mental representations

Question 24

Mental representations

Answer 24

Internal thoughts/states/pictures

Question 25

Much of what we know about infant cognition has been learned using

Answer 25

Violation of expectation task

Question 26

Violation of expectation Step 1

Answer 26

Infants shown event repeatedly until they habituate

Question 27

Violation of expectation How do we know if something has surprised an infant?

Answer 27

They look at the event for longer

Question 28

(Wynn, 1992) 4 and 5 month old infants look longer at...

Answer 28

The impossible event

Question 29

(Wynn, 1992) Method

Answer 29

Violation of expectation task using objects behind a screen

Question 30

(Wynn, 1992) Infants were more likely to look at a _____ structure than a _____ structure

Answer 30

``` 1+1 = 1 1+1 = 2 ```

Question 31

(Wynn, 1992) Infants also looked longer at 1+1 = 3. This suggests

Answer 31

More precise sense of number than "there should be more than 1"

Question 32

Object permanence

Answer 32

Understanding that even if an object can no longer be seen, it still exists

Question 33

Object permanence Piaget observed that before 9 months

Answer 33

No reaction to object once it was hidden

Question 34

Object permanence Piaget observed that AROUND 9 months

Answer 34

Search for objects out of view

Question 35

Object permanence Piaget observed that at around 9 months infants can search for objects out of view. This suggests

Answer 35

They are acting on basis of thought

Question 36

Common test of Object Permanence

Answer 36

A not B Task

Question 37

A not B task is a test of

Answer 37

Object permanence

Question 38

A not B task Infants at around 9 months

Answer 38

Persist in reaching for old location

Question 39

A not B task At what age do they reach correctly to new location?

Answer 39

12 months

Question 40

A not B task By 12 months, infants reach correctly to new location. This suggests that they

Answer 40

Can flexibly update their memory

Question 41

Which study challenges Piaget's OP views?

Answer 41

Baillargeon (1986)

Question 42

Baillargeon (1986) Used which paradigm to test object permanence?

Answer 42

Violation of expectation

Question 43

Baillargeon (1986) Used VOE to test

Answer 43

Object permanence

Question 44

Baillargeon (1986) How old were the participants

Answer 44

6 and 8 months

Question 45

Baillargeon (1986) Findings

Answer 45

6 and 8 month olds looked longer at impossible event

Question 46

Baillargeon (1986) Findings suggests that...

Answer 46

Infants have object permanence before 9 months

Question 47

Baillargeon + DeVos (1991) The finding that 6-8 month old infants have OP was replicated

Answer 47

With 4 month olds

Question 48

Baillargeon (1986) To be surprised by the event...

Answer 48

You have to know the block still exists

Question 49

What is the youngest observed age of Object Permanence?

Answer 49

4 month olds

Question 50

How can the discrepancy between Piaget's and Baillargeon's findings be explained?

Answer 50

Piaget's studied ACTIONS | Baillargeon's studied LOOKING PATTERNS

Question 51

Object permanence discrepancy Children have KNOWLEDGE of the world from early infancy, but...

Answer 51

They only gradually become able to ACT on it