Piaget Flashcards
Piaget’s Theory is a ________ theory
Constructivist
Children are _____ learners
Active
Why did Piaget propose that children are much like scientists?
Create hypotheses and test them
What are the 4 stages of development
- Sensorimotor
- Pre-operational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operational
To be able to move through the 4 stages, children need to
Organise schemas proficiently
How can children adapt to their environment/organise schemas more efficiently?
Assimilation
Accommodation
What are schemas
Mental representations/sets of rules
How are schemas developed?
Through experience (assimilation + accommodation)
How are schemas CHANGED?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Assimilation and accommodation are _____ processes
Dual
Assimilation
New input into existing schemas
Accommodation
Adjusting schema to new input
Assimilation leads to more ____ knowledge
Consolidated
Accommodation can be used to avoid
Disequilibrium
If learning to crawl is _______, encountering stairs is _________
Assimilation
Accommodation
Children may learn a new ‘grasping’ rule, where they need to grasp tightly if the object is hard.
This is an example of
Accommodation
Children pass through Piaget’s 4 stages in the _________
Same order
How old are children in the sensorimotor stage?
0-2
How old are children in the pre-operational stage?
2-7
How old are children in the concrete operational stage?
7-12
How old are children in the formal operational stage?
12+
2 key milestones of the sensorimotor stage are
- Object permanence
2. Self-awareness
In which stage do children begin to develop mental representations?
Sensorimotor
Sensorimotor
Dependence on the _____ of objects reduces
Presence
Pre-operational
4 key milestones
- Symbolic thinking
- Egocentricity
- Conservation of number
- Less animism
Concrete operational
4 key milestones
- Logical mental operations
- Conservation of mass/length/weight
- Metacognition
- Understand cause-effect
In which stage does metacognition develop?
Concrete operational
In which stage does conservation of number develop?
Pre-operational
In which stage does symbolic thinking occur?
Pre-operational
In which stage does conservation of mass/length/weight and volume occur?
Concrete operational
Formal operational
2 key milestones
- Abstract reasoning
2. Formulation/testing of hypotheses
Joe is 13.
What stage is he in?
Formal operational
Jess is 3. What stage is she in?
Pre-operational
Piaget’s 4 stages are across c….
Cultures
Why is Piaget’s view considered discontinuous?
Have to master one step before getting to next
Piaget’s theory is an example of ______ development
Discontinuous
Sensorimotor stage
Infants conquer their
Sensory motor system
Object permanence
Learning that when things are hidden, they do not cease to exist
When does object permanence develop?
End of first year
______ may explain why children are so bad at hiding when they’re young
Object permanence
Object permanence enables the development of
Mental representations
Towards the END of the sensorimotor stage, infants begin to show…
Deferred imitation
When do infants begin to show deferred imitation
Towards end of first year
Deferred imitation demonstrates that infants can form/recall …..
Mental representations
When do infants display
a) Object permanence
b) Deferred imitation
A) End of first year
B) End of SM stage
One way of testing self-awareness
Rouge test
Two sub-stages in the pre-operational stage
- Pre-conceptual (2-4)
2. Intuitive thought (4-7)
What is egocentrism
Seeing world from own POV
Mentally representing ideas and objects enables
Simple pretend play
Animism
“If it moves it’s alive!”
Egocentrism is demonstrated using
“Three mountains task”
Three mountains task
Piaget + Inhelder (1956) found that 4 year olds
Chose a picture that represented what THEY could see
Three mountains task
Piaget + Inhelder (1956)
7 and 8 year olds could
Consistently choose picture matching dolls viewpoint
Pre-operational
Intuitive Thought Substage
Children develop s…
Symbolic thought
Pre-operational
Intuitive Thought Substage
3 key milestones
- S
- U
- S
- Symbolic thought
- Understand same object can be diff. sizes
- Systematically order/classify items
Children in the pre-operational stage do NOT have conservation for …, only…
Liquids and solids
Objects
What is meta-cognition
Ability to think about thinking
Concrete operational
Their thinking is still …., not …..
Concrete
Abstract
Compensation refers to the observation that
A narrower glass should be filled MORE SO to include same amount of water as wider glass
Difference between Compensation and Conservation (liquid) (2)
- Conservation - same amount in narrow and wide glass
2. Compensation - narrow glass needs to be filled MORE to contain same amount
“Understanding that only the appearance of items can change, and this can be made undone”
Reversibility
Piaget’s work has had a huge impact on education. It supported
Child-Centered learning
3 Strengths (influence and implications) of Piaget’s research
- Set groundwork for developmental Psych
- Child-centered learning
- Findings replicated w new methods
A strength of Piaget’s work is that many of his findings have been replicated with new methods, such as
Order in which children master conservation
2 limitations of Piaget’s work
- Stages/age mastered INACCURATE
2. Some of his tasks were too advanced + placed large demands on memory
One study that goes against Piaget and suggests infants CAN form mental representations…
6 week infants
Tongue protrusion after 24hr delay
Borke (1975) found that when the three mountains task was modified to be from the perspective of a character, 3 to 5 year olds could do the task. This challenges the notion of
Egocentrism
2 specific examples of studies against Conservation
- Naughty teddy
2. 70% of 4 year olds could conserve if container change explained
