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269 > Piaget > Flashcards

Piaget Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget’s Theory is a ________ theory

A

Constructivist

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2
Q

Children are _____ learners

A

Active

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3
Q

Why did Piaget propose that children are much like scientists?

A

Create hypotheses and test them

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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of development

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Pre-operational
  3. Concrete operational
  4. Formal operational
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5
Q

To be able to move through the 4 stages, children need to

A

Organise schemas proficiently

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6
Q

How can children adapt to their environment/organise schemas more efficiently?

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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7
Q

What are schemas

A

Mental representations/sets of rules

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8
Q

How are schemas developed?

A

Through experience (assimilation + accommodation)

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9
Q

How are schemas CHANGED?

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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10
Q

Assimilation and accommodation are _____ processes

A

Dual

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11
Q

Assimilation

A

New input into existing schemas

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12
Q

Accommodation

A

Adjusting schema to new input

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13
Q

Assimilation leads to more ____ knowledge

A

Consolidated

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14
Q

Accommodation can be used to avoid

A

Disequilibrium

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15
Q

If learning to crawl is _______, encountering stairs is _________

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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16
Q

Children may learn a new ‘grasping’ rule, where they need to grasp tightly if the object is hard.

This is an example of

A

Accommodation

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17
Q

Children pass through Piaget’s 4 stages in the _________

A

Same order

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18
Q

How old are children in the sensorimotor stage?

A

0-2

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19
Q

How old are children in the pre-operational stage?

A

2-7

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20
Q

How old are children in the concrete operational stage?

A

7-12

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21
Q

How old are children in the formal operational stage?

A

12+

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22
Q

2 key milestones of the sensorimotor stage are

A
  1. Object permanence

2. Self-awareness

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23
Q

In which stage do children begin to develop mental representations?

A

Sensorimotor

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24
Q

Sensorimotor

Dependence on the _____ of objects reduces

A

Presence

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25
Q

Pre-operational

4 key milestones

A
  1. Symbolic thinking
  2. Egocentricity
  3. Conservation of number
  4. Less animism
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26
Q

Concrete operational

4 key milestones

A
  1. Logical mental operations
  2. Conservation of mass/length/weight
  3. Metacognition
  4. Understand cause-effect
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27
Q

In which stage does metacognition develop?

A

Concrete operational

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28
Q

In which stage does conservation of number develop?

A

Pre-operational

29
Q

In which stage does symbolic thinking occur?

A

Pre-operational

30
Q

In which stage does conservation of mass/length/weight and volume occur?

A

Concrete operational

31
Q

Formal operational

2 key milestones

A
  1. Abstract reasoning

2. Formulation/testing of hypotheses

32
Q

Joe is 13.

What stage is he in?

A

Formal operational

33
Q

Jess is 3. What stage is she in?

A

Pre-operational

34
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages are across c….

A

Cultures

35
Q

Why is Piaget’s view considered discontinuous?

A

Have to master one step before getting to next

36
Q

Piaget’s theory is an example of ______ development

A

Discontinuous

37
Q

Sensorimotor stage

Infants conquer their

A

Sensory motor system

38
Q

Object permanence

A

Learning that when things are hidden, they do not cease to exist

39
Q

When does object permanence develop?

A

End of first year

40
Q

______ may explain why children are so bad at hiding when they’re young

A

Object permanence

41
Q

Object permanence enables the development of

A

Mental representations

42
Q

Towards the END of the sensorimotor stage, infants begin to show…

A

Deferred imitation

43
Q

When do infants begin to show deferred imitation

A

Towards end of first year

44
Q

Deferred imitation demonstrates that infants can form/recall …..

A

Mental representations

45
Q

When do infants display

a) Object permanence
b) Deferred imitation

A

A) End of first year

B) End of SM stage

46
Q

One way of testing self-awareness

A

Rouge test

47
Q

Two sub-stages in the pre-operational stage

A
  1. Pre-conceptual (2-4)

2. Intuitive thought (4-7)

48
Q

What is egocentrism

A

Seeing world from own POV

49
Q

Mentally representing ideas and objects enables

A

Simple pretend play

50
Q

Animism

A

“If it moves it’s alive!”

51
Q

Egocentrism is demonstrated using

A

“Three mountains task”

52
Q

Three mountains task

Piaget + Inhelder (1956) found that 4 year olds

A

Chose a picture that represented what THEY could see

53
Q

Three mountains task

Piaget + Inhelder (1956)

7 and 8 year olds could

A

Consistently choose picture matching dolls viewpoint

54
Q

Pre-operational
Intuitive Thought Substage

Children develop s…

A

Symbolic thought

55
Q

Pre-operational
Intuitive Thought Substage

3 key milestones

  1. S
  2. U
  3. S
A
  1. Symbolic thought
  2. Understand same object can be diff. sizes
  3. Systematically order/classify items
56
Q

Children in the pre-operational stage do NOT have conservation for …, only…

A

Liquids and solids

Objects

57
Q

What is meta-cognition

A

Ability to think about thinking

58
Q

Concrete operational

Their thinking is still …., not …..

A

Concrete

Abstract

59
Q

Compensation refers to the observation that

A

A narrower glass should be filled MORE SO to include same amount of water as wider glass

60
Q

Difference between Compensation and Conservation (liquid) (2)

A
  1. Conservation - same amount in narrow and wide glass

2. Compensation - narrow glass needs to be filled MORE to contain same amount

61
Q

“Understanding that only the appearance of items can change, and this can be made undone”

A

Reversibility

62
Q

Piaget’s work has had a huge impact on education. It supported

A

Child-Centered learning

63
Q

3 Strengths (influence and implications) of Piaget’s research

A
  1. Set groundwork for developmental Psych
  2. Child-centered learning
  3. Findings replicated w new methods
64
Q

A strength of Piaget’s work is that many of his findings have been replicated with new methods, such as

A

Order in which children master conservation

65
Q

2 limitations of Piaget’s work

A
  1. Stages/age mastered INACCURATE

2. Some of his tasks were too advanced + placed large demands on memory

66
Q

One study that goes against Piaget and suggests infants CAN form mental representations…

A

6 week infants

Tongue protrusion after 24hr delay

67
Q

Borke (1975) found that when the three mountains task was modified to be from the perspective of a character, 3 to 5 year olds could do the task. This challenges the notion of

A

Egocentrism

68
Q

2 specific examples of studies against Conservation

A
  1. Naughty teddy

2. 70% of 4 year olds could conserve if container change explained

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