Attachment Flashcards
Harlow (1950)
RQ
Do humans have an innate primary drive for comfort?
Harlow (1950)
Method
Wire monkey vs cloth monkey
OR
Isolation
Harlow (1950)
Monkeys used the cloth monkey as
A secure base
Bowlby theorised that infant-mother tie is
Goal-directed system
Environmental cues trigger attachment
Bowlby
How many phases of attachment are there?
4
Bowlby stages of attachment
0-2 (preattachment)
2-7
7 months +
2 years +
Bowlby pre-attachment phase
Little difference in response to familiar/unfamiliar people
Bowlby
At what age do attachment behaviours emerge?
7 months +
Bowlby
At 2+ years
Child relies on IWMs of attachment
Main + Solomon (1986)
Proposed an additional attachment category
Insecure-disorganised
Main + Solomon (1986)
Proposed additional attachment category
Insecure-disorganised
Insecure-disorganised
No clear coping strategy
Contradictory behaviour on reunion with caregiver
Van Izjendoorn (1999)
Method
Meta-analysis on frequency of attachment in middle-class groups
Van Izjendoorn (1999)
Findings: secure/insecure-avoidant/insecure-resistant
62%
15%
9%
Van Izjendoorn (1999)
Incidence of insecure-disorganised in MALTREATMENT and LOW SES GROUPS?
48%
25%
De Wolff + van Ijzendoorn (1997)
RQ & method
Which factors predict attachment security? (meta-analysis)
De Wolff + van Ijzendoorn (1997)
Findings (2)
- Moderate relation (sensitivity + attachment)
2. No distinction between resistant/avoidant/disorganised
Meins et al., (2001)
Sensitivity rethought of
As mind-mindedness
Meins et al., (2001)
Mind-mindedness refers to…
CGs accuracy in interpreting what infant is thinking/feeling
Meins et al., (2001)
Findings (secure)
CG’s showed high MM commends
Low non-attuned comments
Meins et al., (2001)
Findings (insecure)
Insecure-resistant
CG’s had high scores on non-attuned comments
George et al., (1996)
Method
Semi-structured interview assessing adults attachment with their parents
George et al., (1996)
Identified 4 types of adult attachment
- Autonomous
- Dismissing
- Preoccupied
- Unresolved
George et al., (1996)
Which is the most positive attachment type
Autonomous
George et al., (1996)
“Adults not been able to resolve feelings related to death of loved one/trauma”
Unresolved attachment
George et al., (1996)
“Adults unable to move on from childhood experiences/still over-involved in issues”
Preoccupied attachment
George et al., (1996)
“Denies importance of attachment/cannot recall childhood events”
Dismissing attachment
van Ijzendoorn (1995)
Classified adult attachment and infant-parent attachment
Parent autonomous –>
Child’s secure
van Ijzendoorn (1995)
Classified adult attachment and infant-parent attachment
Parent dismissing/preoccupied/unresolved —>
Child’s insecure attachment
van Ijzendoorn (1995)
Classified adult attachment and infant-parent attachment
Parent unresolved –>
Child’s insecure disorganised
Booth-LaForce + Roisman (2014)
Challenged research by…
van Ijzendoorn
Booth-LaForce + Roisman (2014)
Findings
Weak/no association between attachment security at 15/24m and AAI classification at 18
Booth-LaForce + Roisman (2014)
Method
Longitudinal study
