Russia 1984-1945

Question 1

When did Tsar Nicholas come to the throne?

Answer 1

In 1894 aged 28, he was said to be unprepared

Question 2

When were the Tsar and his family murdered?

Answer 2

July 18th 1918 by firing squad. Killed by Bolsheviks because they still had followers (Whites’) that were closing in to free them

Question 3

Marxists

Answer 3

Led by Karl Marx. Believed in the struggle between different classes. They wanted to end the Tsarist system and the also wanted a Revolution

Question 4

Social Democrats

Answer 4

They believed changed in Russia would happen through efforts of industrial workers, not peasants.

Question 5

Bolsheviks

Answer 5

Led by Vladimir Lenin. They aimed to take power. They became the communist party of the Soviet Union. They believed that a revolution should be led by proletariat only, they only wanted a small number of support

Question 6

Mensheviks

Answer 6

Led by Irakli Tsereteli. They aimed to work with others to gain power and influence for the working people

Question 6

Mensheviks

Answer 6

Led by Irakli Tsereteli. They aimed to work with others to gain power and influence for the working people. They wanted a wide range of support

Question 7

The Kadets

Answer 7

Were a growing middle class. They wanted to reform (not abolish) Tsarism, they also wanted a parliamentary system, like Britain. They wanted equality for all Russians end censorship, abolish redemption payments, a trade union and free education

Question 8

The role Of Lenin

Answer 8

Organised party
Published Pravda
Avoided Capture
Had popular slogans to raise moral
Public awareness speeches

Question 9

Role Of Trosky

Answer 9

Joined Bolsheviks after ‘July Days’
Masterminded the events of the group
Great military leader
Organised the Red Guard

Question 10

What Happened when the Bolsheviks took power?

Answer 10

All non-Bolshevik newspapers were banned (censorship)
All factories were put under control of Worker committees
Lenin ends the war, Trotsky signed Treaty of Brest-Litvosk with Germany March 1918
Established the Cheka December 1917
New Gov, 8th November 1917
The Whites’ (Pro Tsarists) were Bolshevik opposition

Question 11

When did The Bolsheviks take power?

Answer 11

October 1917

Question 12

Whites’ Weaknesses

Answer 12

No single aim (Different Leaders wanted different things)
No single leader
Generals were brutal and harsh
White Terror
Appeared to be puppets of foreign powers

Question 13

Red strengths

Answer 13

Controlled railways, good for supplies
High moral
Trotsky was an excellent leader, motivator and organiser
Clever use of propaganda
War Communism

Question 14

How did the War effect Russia?

Answer 14

By the end of 1914, over 1 million Russians died on the front lines
Hugely lacked supplies like weapons and clothing
Tsar took command of army and left Tsarina with Rasputin
Large cities has shortages of food, coal, water and materials
Brusilov offensive (largest Russian Assault failed)

Question 15

Inflation during war

Answer 15

Rose by 400%, but wages didn’t rise

Question 16

Provisional Government

Answer 16

Led By Alexander Kerensky, made up of 12 men
40,000 workers went on strike
International women’s day strikes, demanding food, fuel and new Gov
Tsar’s army opened fire on protestors
Tsar abdicated throne and fled
Tsar and his family were executed

Question 17

A soviet

Answer 17

A union between the soldiers and workers. Petrograd soviet had 2500 members

Question 18

Dual Power

Answer 18

Division of authority between the provisional Gov and the Petrograd soviet

Question 19

Kornilov Report

Answer 19

Aug/Sep 1917, General Kornilov was angry by PG weakness and threatened to take power himself.
Red Guard defended Petrograd against Kornilov
Railway workers pulled up tracks so Kornilov never arrived, Bolsheviks looked like heroes

Question 20

Non-Communist economic policies

Answer 20

stopped the practice of requisitioning food
any extra food was allowed to be kept or sold for profit
new rouble was introduced to end inflation
small factories were privatised

Question 21

communist economic policies

Answer 21

peasants now had to supply amount of what they grew to the Gov
Programme of electrification continues and extended to rural areas
important industries, such a coal and steel remained nationalised

Question 22

Bolshevik Strengths

Answer 22

Lenin was a good leader, spent years preparing for Bolshevik revolution
Criticised ww1
Lenin’s slogans and use of propaganda
Red Guards help put down Kornilov
Lenin had lots of support
timings were right

Question 23

Provisional Government weaknesses

Answer 23

Failed to solve food shortages
unwilling to hand land over to peasants
continues fighting in ww1
did not make decisions quickly
lost support of the army
Petrograd soviet proved too strong

Question 24

Long Term Causes of the 1905 revolution

Answer 24

peasants were dissatisfied with living conditions and how land was divided
poor working conditions, wanted higher wages and shorter hours
Gov’s violent and oppressive policies led to persecution of the people
Tsar had little understanding of the conditions
poor harvests led to starvation and attacks on land owners
peasants made redemption payments for freedom in 1861

Question 25

Short Term Causes of the 1905 revolution

Answer 25

Economic slump led to high unemployment rates
Russia were embarrassed to lose to second rate power
Russian fleet destroyed by Japanese in under an hour
Bourgeoisie angry the Tsar wouldn’t share his power
nationwide food shortages
High taxation has disastrous effects on the people

Question 26

What happened on 22nd Jan 1905?

Answer 26

Father Gapon led 3000 people to Winter Palace to protest poor living conditions and wanted to deliver a petition asking for a reform. The tsar used 10000 Cossack soldiers to protect the gate, when the protesters advanced, the soldiers opened fire
over 1000 died

Question 27

When was the October manifesto?

Answer 27

30th October 1905

Question 28

What did the October manifesto promise?

Answer 28

Freedom of speech
Establish a Duma
No new laws with consent from Duma

Question 29

October manifesto broken promises

Answer 29

Voting system was unfair, rich had more influence than poor
Duma had little influence over Tsar and new laws
First two Duma’s were dismissed for demanding reforms
further changed introduced to exclude socialists

Question 30

2 problems faced by the Tsar in 1905

Answer 30

30th October - October Manifesto
22nd January - Bloody Sunday