Biology - Inheritance and body functions Flashcards
Sexual Reproduction
Meiosis
Two parents are needed
no sex cells are involved
Humans reproduce this way
Offspring produced when cells divide
offspring have characteristics of both parents
Produces lots of variety
Making Body cells
Asexual reproduction
Mitosis
Involves only one parent
Bacteria reproduce this way
no variety - genetically identical clones are formed
Male and female sex cells join together
Making gametes
Largest to smallest.
DNA
Chromosome
Gene
Nucleus
Allele
Nucleus
Chromosome
DNA
Gene
Allele
What shape is DNA
Double Helix. DNA is also a polymer
Polymer
A large molecule made up from smaller molecules
Human Genome Project
Scientists worked together to find the sequence of base pairs that made up the genome of a man and woman
Why do we study the human genome
Great importance for medicine
Enables us to search for genes linked to diseases
Understand inherited disorders and treatment
Trace human migration patterns from the past
Allele
Variations of the same gene
Chromosome
Structure of nucleic acids and protein carrying genetic information in the forms of genes
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disorder causes excessive mucus production that affects the lungs, digestive and reproductive systems
Dominant Allele
Form of an allele that will be dominant if the recessive version is present
Embryo Screeing
Testing cells from an embryo to look for genetic problems
Environmental variation
Variation between individuals due to the environment
Gene
A section of genetics which codes for a particular characteristic
Genetic Variation
Variation between individuals due to their genetics
Genome
The full set of genetic material in the nucleus of an organism
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual for a particular characteristic
Heterozygote
Individual with different alleles for a characteristic
Homozygote
individual with two of the identical allele for a characteristic
Meiosis
Two stage process of cell division which result in haploid cells. Four haploid daughter cells, identical
Mitosis
Produced two diploid daughter cells. non-identical
Mutation
A mutation In the genetic material in an organism
Phenotype
The genetical expression of a particular genotype
Polydactyly
Genetic condition where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes
Recessive
A phenotype which will only show up if one of the alleles coded for are inherited: will be masked by a dominant gene
Variation
Difference in characteristics between individuals of the same species
What takes place in embryo screening
Cells are taken from the amniotic fluid or placenta and the cells are tested for genetic disorders . If so parents can decide whether to continue or terminate
Ethical
Whether something is right or wrong
Economic
When money is involved
Social
How something effects an individual or society
Capital letter =
Lowercase letter =
Capital letter = dominant allele
Lowercase letter = recessive allele
Male genotype
X Y
Female Genotype
X X
