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GCSE YEAR 11 > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

communism

A

the Russian ideology where they share wealth and the state owns everything

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2
Q

Capitalism

A

America’s ideology. Democratic. People can vote for the government and private ownership lest people make money

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3
Q

soviet Union

A

The USSR

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4
Q

Marshall Plan

A

The European part of the Truman Doctrine - $13 billion to Europe to keep communism away.

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5
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Truman’s Doctrine of “containment” stopping communism from spreading by military, economic and other means

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6
Q

Treaty Of Friendship

A

The agreement between China and the USSR - in 1949 that shared resources and promised support for each other to remain communist

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7
Q

Two key differences between a capitalist and a communist

A
  1. Communist - everything is owned by the state, capitalist, things are owned by the people
  2. Wealth distribution - capitalist, people earn their living, money, property, material objects etc
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8
Q

3 leaders that attended the Yalta conference

A
  1. Roosevelt
  2. Churchill
  3. Stalin
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9
Q

two key decisions made in Yalta

A

the splitting up of Germany
that Berlin would also be divided

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10
Q

3 leaders who attended Potsdam

A
  1. Truman
  2. Attlee
  3. Stalin
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11
Q

Two Japanese cities that were bombed in 1945

A
  1. Nagasaki
  2. Hiroshima
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12
Q

March 1946, how did Churchill describe the division between the East and West?

A

in a speech, he labelled the division as an “iron curtain”. Emphasising that the division was an unbreakable barrier

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13
Q

3 countries that were soviet satellite states by 1948

A

Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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14
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

A policy of containment conducted by President Harry Truman - To try and keep communism from spreading to other countries

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15
Q

What was the Marshall Plan and Marshall aid? What did Stalin accuse the Americans of doing?

A

The Marshall Plan was a policy made by George marshall where the Americans would help European countries by giving them money, artillery etc. (This was called Marshall aid.) Stalin accused the Americans of trying to steal back once capital countries

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16
Q

Cominform is short for

A

Communist Information Bureau

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17
Q

3 countries involved in Comecon

A

Russia
Bulgaria
Hungary

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18
Q

Why did the allies have to airlift supplies to West Berlin in June 1945

A

Because the Soviets blocked all other ways of transport, e.g railway, canal

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19
Q

Two results of the Berlin blockade

A
  1. West and East Germany was established
  2. NATO was formed
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20
Q

What was the purpose of the formation of NATO

A

the purpose of the formation of NATO was so the North Atlantic countries could share security

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21
Q

Why did the American get involved in the Korean war, name 2 policies

A

The Americans got involved in the Korean war because they wanted to prevent the spread of communism
1. containment
2. domino theory

22
Q

Name of General that led Un forces to Korea

A

MacArthur

23
Q

Name of dividing line between north and south Korea

A

38th Parallel

24
Q

3 features of de-Stalinisation

A
  1. Returning stalinised names to original e.g Stalingrad to Petrograd
  2. The freedom of the press
  3. Stalin statues were taken down
25
Q

How did Khrushchev’s policy change relationships between the East and West (name policy)

A

Detente - cooled relationships down due to the theory of MAD, scared that there would be nuclear warfare

26
Q

ICBM missiles

A

Intercontinental ballistic missiles - long-range missiles that could be fired from land

27
Q

(in 1955) West Germany was admitted to NATO, what was the reaction of the Eastern powers to this, and which countries joined this new organisation

A

They created the Warsaw pact, the countries that belonged to this were, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary

28
Q

What marked the beginning of the space race

A

the launch of Sputnik

29
Q

What action did Russia take on Nagy when he wanted to leave the Warsaw pact

A

They captured him, and executed him for treason

30
Q

What were the main features of a U2 plane, why was it a benefit to the west during the cold war

A

The U2 plane had a camera on it, this was useful during the cold war because it meant the countries could spy on each other

31
Q

Why did the U2 affect friendly talks between the east and west?

A

Although they kept negotiating, they kept spying on each other, which meant trust couldn’t be made

32
Q

Who outed Batista from Cuba

A

Fidel Castro

33
Q

3 results of the Cuban Missile Crisis

A

Soviet missiles were removed from Cuba
The USA ended the quarantine
Cuba remained communist

34
Q

2 results of the Czechoslovakia uprising

A

end of one-party rule
they had freedom and less censorship

35
Q

Guerrilla warfare

A

Tactics the Vietcong used. Warfare based on surprise attacks. Used by smaller armies when facing stronger opposition

36
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Truman’s Doctrine of “containment”, stopping communism spreading by military, economic and other means

37
Q

Iron curtain

A

Churchill’s phrase to show Europe divided between East and west - communism and capitalism.

38
Q

Marshall plan

A

June 1947, luaunched by George Marshall. USA thought poorer countries were more likely to become communist
$13bn went to European countries, also helped them rebuild if they were capitalist
Stalin stopped Eastern countries joining by creating Comecon as an alternative

39
Q

NATO

A

Military alliance
North Atlantic treaty organisation
USA, Canada, and western Europe to help West vs Russia.
Joined forces and agreed to protect each other.
Nuclear weapons were held by Britain, USA and France

40
Q

Warsaw pact

A

Set up by Ussr, in response to NATO, which Stalin saw as aggressive containing all communist Eastern European nations. Ussr were the only country to hold nuclear weapons

41
Q

Arms race

A

Ussr tested first atomic bomb in 1949
USA built a hydrogen bomb in 1952, Ussr then built their own. By 1960, both USA and Ussr’s military budgets were high. Both sides were MAD so neither fired weapons.

42
Q

Space race

A

Started with launch of sputnik in 1957 - USSR Satellite
Then Laika was sent to space by USSR
1961 - Yuri Gaharin, first man in space, USA not far behind
JFK announces that they will land on the moon by end of decade - 1961
1969 - moon landing (USA)
1975 - joint space mission between USA and Ussr

43
Q

U2 crisis and Paris peace summit

A

Gary powers shot may 1st 1960 after photographing USSR weapon development. Sentenced to 10 years, increased tensions
USA and USSR were going to meet in Paris to discuss anti-proliferation of nuclear weapons, it was cancelled. Both countries continued to spy on eachother.

44
Q

Hungarian uprising

A

Soviet satellite state. Hungarian leader killed in 1949 for lack of loyalty to stalin, replaced by Rakosi who was loyal to stalin
Khrushchev comes to power and de-stalinised russia - 23rd October 1956, uprising began. Navy announced as leader, promised reforms and freedom. Soviets attacked but withdrew. Seemed like a Hungarian victory as they wanted to leave Warsaw pact. Khrushchev did not want Hungary to be free. Sent society army in, killed innocents. America did not respond.

45
Q

Berlin Crisis

A
  1. Following first Berlin crisis, tensions were still high. Thousands were defecting from East Berlin to west Berlin everyday. August 13, East German troops closed border. Replaced with concrete after a week, lasted till 1989
46
Q

Cuban missile crisis

A

America supported old leader, batista. 1959 - castro took power, ejected all us business from Cuba. America refused to buy sugar or coffee as a result. Khrushchev wanted to use Cuba to Bully USA.

47
Q

Prague spring

A
  1. Life in Czechoslovakia was difficult - poverty etc. Soviet satellite state, controlled By USSR. Wanted reforms, ussr said no, leader forced to resign,replaced by Dubcek, because he was communist. Dubcek started reforms. Soviet tanks invaded Czechoslovakia, Killed hundreds. Because USSR killed many, people started to lose faith in communism.
48
Q

Reasons for detente

A

Vietnam
Nixon’s visit to China
MAD
Human rights

49
Q

Detente talks

A

Test ban treaty 1963
Nixon Doctrine 1968
Helsinki agreement 1975

50
Q

Korea

A

After ww11, Korea split into and northern communist nation and southern capitalist nation (38 parallel)
June 1950 - North Korea invaded South, hoping to take country for themselves, USA encouraged UN to help push North Korean forces back
Sep 1950 - General macarthur and his troops pushed north into China
Nov 1950 - macarthur suggested using a-bomb on China and was fired. China and North pushed UN forces beyond 38 parallel
July 1951 - war ends in stalemate, ceasefire signed in 1953. 38 parallel became iron curtain

51
Q

Vietnam

A

After french were forced out of Vietnam on 1954, uss feared if it went communist domino theory would happen.
1954 agreement - divided Vietnam, North was communist, south was run by non-communist dictator. 1964 - us claimed USS Maddock attacked North Vietnamese communists. Used to convince Congress to declare war.

GCSE YEAR 11 (12 decks)

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