Biology - Body Functions Key Words Flashcards
Types of contraception
Pill - Prevents Ovulation
Condom
Implant
Patch
Infertile Woman
Vasectomy
Where a male has an operation which stops the flow of semen
Ovulation
Release of the egg from Ovaries
Infertility
Where a woman cannot conceive despite having regular, unprotected sex.
Gamete
A sex cell (sperm, egg)
Haploid
Half a set of Chromosomes
Diploid
Full set of Chromosomes
What are the two types of Reproduction?
Sexual reproduction (leads to variation)
Asexual reproduction (leads to clones)
ADH
Anti-Diuretic Hormone. Affects amount of water reabsorbed therefore the amount of urine produced by the kidneys
Adrenaline
A hormone which prepares your body for fight or flight
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The part of the nervous system where information is processed, made up of the brain and spinal cord
Contreception
A method to prevent pregnancy (barrier or hormonal)
Diabetes
Disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impared
Effectors
Muscles or glands that bring out a response in the body
Endocrine system
Glands that produce hormones that control many aspects of the developments and metabolism of the body
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone. Produced by the Pituitary Gland, causes an egg to mature in the ovary
Gland
An organ that secretes hormones
Glucagon
Hormone involved in the control of blood sugar levels - causes glucose to be released into the blood
Homeostasis
The regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions for function
Hormone
Chemicals produced in the glands that are carried in the blood to have an effect on another part of the body
Infertility
Inability to concieve
Insulin
A hormone that controls blood sugar levels, causes glucose to be taken up by cells
Intermediate Neurones
In the brain and spinal cord, cells pass signals from sensory neurones to motor neurones
IVF
In vitro Fertilisation. Egg cell is fertilised by sperm cell in a test tube
LH
Luteinising hormone. Produced by pituitary gland, causes ovulation
Menstrual cycle
The monthly cycle of ovulation and menstruation in females
Motor neurones
Cells in the nervous system that passes signals from the CNS to an effector
Negative feedback
A reaction that causes a decrease in function to stabilise conditions
Nerves
Bundles of many neurones
Nervous System
The brain, spinal cord and network of neurones which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body
Neurones
Cells in the nervous system that carry electrical impulses around the body
Oestrogen
Female hormones produced by the ovary that controls the development of sexual characteristics at puberty and the thickening of the uterus lining at menstruation
Oestrogen
Female hormones produced by the ovary that controls the development of sexual characteristics at puberty and the thickening of the uterus lining at menstruation
Pituitary gland
The main endocrine gland , found in the brain which secrets a number of hormones to control other glands in the body
Ovulation
The release of a mature egg from the ovary
Progesterone
Female hormone produced by the ovaries that maintain the lining of the uterus following ovulation
Receptors
Cells that detect stimuli
Reflex
A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, that does not involve the conscious brain
Response
The reaction of the body to a stimulus
Stimulus
a change in the internal or external environment that is detected by a receptor
Synapse
A gap between two neurones, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion or a neurotransmitter
Thyroxin
A hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism
Testosterone
Male hormones produced by the testes the controls the development of sexual characteristics at puberty and the production of sperm
