Rural Health

Question 1

Two main approaches to defining Rurality:

Answer 1

• Technical Approach (locators,geography)

- Social Approach (Nature of the community)

Question 2

Degree of Rurality: (types)

Answer 2

• Non-Isolated Community: includes communities with road access of less than 90 kilometres to physician services
• Semi-Isolated Community: includes communities with road access greater than 90 kilometres to physician services
• Isolated Community: refers to communities with good telephone service, scheduled air transportation flights, but no read access
• Remote, Isolated Community: means the communities have no scheduled air flights, minimal telephone or radio access, and no road access

Question 3

Vulnerability factors:

Answer 3

-Occupational higher risk: Farming (machine related), Medium-sized farms (highest incidence of injury within farming), Oil, Gas, Logging, Mining, Fishing, (Accidents, cancer, time-loss injuries)
Lower income
-Lower educational attainment
-Aging population
-Lesser access to specialized care
-Health disadvantages on many health outcomes measured: Life expectancy influenced by cardiovascular, injury, and suicide, (Greatest discrepancy for men)

Question 4

Protective factors: (Strengths)

Answer 4

• Stronger sense of community belonging
• Some rural areas (closer to urban) showed improved life expectancy
• Lower risk of some cancers
• Less likely to report very stressful lifestyle

Question 5

Why does they means by diversity of rural community population?

Answer 5

• Changing face of immigration, which includes the influx of temporary foreign workers
• Indigenous communities
• Different religions (Amish, Hutterites, Mennonites), socio-historical policy contexts

Question 6

5 principles of cultural safety are:

Answer 6

PPPPP

• Protocols (respect for cultural forms of engagement)
• Personal knowledge (understanding one’s own cultural indentity), -Process (engaging in mutual learning)
• Positive purpose (ensuring the process yields the right outcome for the clients)
• Partnerships (promoting collaborative practice)

Question 7

Challenges for nursing practice in rural communities:

Answer 7

• Retention and recruitment difficulties
• Limited involvement in research
• Technology as extension to patient care
• Knowing patients personally

Question 8

Challenges for rural communities:

Answer 8

• Influenced by geography, weather, travel

- Isolation

Question 9

Characteristics of Nursing practice in working in rural communities:

Answer 9

• Autonomy in practice
• Nimble to change
• Having to perform complex tasks competently but infrequently
• Integration of community assets, capacity, and intersectoral collaboration
• Creative mobilization of ressources
• Confidentiality and trust

Question 10

Characteristics of Rural Health Nursing Workforce in Canda:

Answer 10

• Proportion of nurses falls short of the regional share of the population
• Rural nursing workforce is older
• Less education at entry-level, but improving
• Most rural nurses come from rural communities themselves
• Incentives for working and staying in rural/remote communities (Location, interest in the practice setting, income)

Question 11

Remote and isolated: Primary prevention examples

Answer 11

-immunizing

Question 12

Remote and isolated: Secondary prevention examples

Answer 12

Collecting, ordering, and reviewing client laboratory results; assessing and treating common medical conditions; and monitoring and referring chronic care and prenatal clients.

Question 13

Remote and isolated: Tertiary prevention examples

Answer 13

-Caring for wounds and suturing lacerations