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Ressources: Special Population > Harm Reduction & Drugs Use > Flashcards

Harm Reduction & Drugs Use Flashcards

1
Q

Harm Reduction is:

A

An evidence-based, respectful and nonjudgmental, a pragmatic public health approach aimed at reducing the adverse health, social and economic consequences of at-risk activities which is cost-effective and focus on human rights.

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2
Q

Example of harm reduction strategies:

A
  • Needle distribution/ supervised injection site
  • Access to clean crack pipe
  • Distribution of condom
  • Access to naloxone to counter the opioid overdose
  • Managed alcohol programs
  • Methadone maintenance programs
  • Peer support.
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3
Q

Vulnerabilities factors for initiating drug use: Individual

A

Exposure to alcohol
Difficult temperament, poor impulsion control, aggression, antisocial behavior, sensation seeking, rebelliousness
Gene predisposition
Low college aspirations
Lack of commitment to conventional adult roles

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4
Q

Vulnerabilities factors for initiating drug use: Family

A 
Modeling parental
Substance use from family
Permissive parenting, low parental warmth, harsh discipline
Leaving home
Detached from family.
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5
Q

Vulnerabilities factors for initiating drug use: Peer/school

A

School failure
Peer rejection
low school commitment
Deviant peer group, peer substance use

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6
Q

Vulnerabilities factors for initiating drug use: Neighborhood/community

A

Accessibility/availability

Tolerance of substance use

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7
Q

Protective factors for initiating IV drug use in street-involved youth: Individual

A
  • Fear of needles, addiction, IV drug use health/consequences
  • Self-worth (desire for better life/goals) and self-esteem
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8
Q

Protective factors for initiating IV drug use in street-involved youth: Social environment

A
  • Stigma and group norms (Society or peer group negative view of IV drug use, Adult using IV drugs deterring youth from IDU)
  • Support & Inclusion (Support from/involved families, membership to peer group/community, positive role models, fear of losing peer group/family, connection with culture/community)
  • Family/friend drug use
  • Responsibilities (having a child/pet)
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9
Q

Protective factors for initiating IV drug use in street-involved youth: Physical environment

A

Safe and engaging spaces (Opportunities for recreation and employment, Housing that is affordable/accessible)

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10
Q

Harm involved:

A
  • Blood borne disease
  • Overdoses
  • Soft-tissue infections
  • Criminalization
  • Stigma
  • Violence
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11
Q

A multidirectional relationship between substance use and:

A

poverty or Homelessness

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12
Q

Resilience factors and strengths to harm related to Drugs Use:

A
  • Peer support- protection
  • Education
  • Advocacy
  • Access to harm reduction
  • The “code” (Under 18, no drugs)
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13
Q

Canadian Drugs and Substances Strategy: is a comprehensive, collaborative, compassionate and evidence-based approach to drug policy.

A
  • Prevention: Preventing problematic drug and substance use.
  • Treatment: Supporting innovative approaches to treatment and rehabilitation.
  • Harm Reduction: Supporting measures that reduce the negative consequences of drug and substance use.
  • Enforcement: Addressing illicit drug production, supply and distribution.
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14
Q

Signs of an opioid overdose:

A
  • Decreased resp rate
  • Gurgling/ snoring type sounds
  • Constricted pinpoint pupils
  • Slow, erratic, absent heart rate
  • Cold and clammy skin (maybe cyanotic)
  • Vomiting.
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15
Q

Naloxone is:

A

Pure opioid antagonist used alongside the principle of basic life support (BLS) and CPR
0.4mg IM
Can be given until EMR or person able to breath.
No pharmacological effect if administered in the absence of opioids.

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16
Q

Supervised Injection Site is:

A

A space exempted from section 56 of the controlled drugs and substance act (CDSA)

17
Q

Role of Nurses in SIS:

A
  • Reducing risk associated with drug injection (Infection, vein overuse and inadequate injection practices, prevention of HCV and HIV)
  • Promoting a positive relationship with the healthcare system (other healthcare needs, references to addiction or HCV tx services.)
  • Empowerment (by increasing their knowledge about health and their control over their health outcomes.)
18
Q

Examples of promoting safe injection practice:

A
  • Alcohol swabs
  • Bevel up
  • Single needle use and keeping it clean
  • At risk injection site (Jugular and Feet)
  • Alternating veins.
19
Q

Nursing care:

A
  • STI testing and tx
  • Contraception
  • Vaccines or hormones injection
  • Wound care (foot care, abscesses, cellulitis)
  • Ear assessment and cleaning
  • Bed bugs or lice tx
  • Hypothermia and frostbite
  • Referring to appropriate health services.
20
Q

Montreal particularity:

A

PWID: 71% HCV + and 18% HIV +
Cocaine/Crack are mostly use.
Fixed site for injection: 3 (Cactus, Spectre de rue and Dopamine)
One mobile site (L’anonyme) stopping at 3 places.
Supply and demand are different (cartel of cocaine/crack)

21
Q

Series of value tensions that shaped nursing practice with those who are street-involved:

A
  • Shifting from an ideology of fixing to reduction harm
  • Stigma to moral worth
  • Focusing on personal responsibility to enhancing decision-making of individuals
22
Q

Substance use disorder refer to:

A

Substance abuse and addiction use interchangeably.

23
Q

Concurrent disorder refer to:

A

to co-occurring mental health and substance use problems wihtin the same person.

24
Q

Primary prevention of substance use:

A
  • Focus on enhancing their ability to control their use and prevent the development of substance abuse (harmful use) and addictions.
  • Policies and campaign to raise awareness abour risk associated with drugs, alcohol, tobacco and gambeling.
25
Q

Secondary prevention intervention:

A

-Screening and early identification in order to intervene, reduce consumption levels, and effectively minimize or interrupt and manage the progression of problems.

26
Q

Tertiary prevention intervention:

A
  • treatment is focused on slowing down the addiction trajectory or controlling related
    harms and disabilities.
    -Community treatment services typically include detoxification
    services, screening, assessment, inpatient and outpatient
    treatment, and aftercare and follow-up.
    -Motivational interviewing
    -Harm reduction
27
Q

Community risk factors for substance abuse:

A
  • Economic disavantage
  • Unemployement
  • Education disavantage
  • Cultural barriers
  • Isolation (geographical and social)
  • Disasters
  • Communal apathy, anger.
  • Low participation in community development.
28
Q

Community protective Factors for drugs uses:

A
  • Communal support, family and friends
  • Volunteers
  • Community organizations
  • Communal responsability and action
  • retraining and educational services
  • Share history and culture
  • Schools and churches

Ressources: Special Population (15 decks)

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