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Anatomy and Physiology > Ruminant GIT > Flashcards

Ruminant GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the ruminant stomach in the cow?

A

Left abdomen, takes up all of left and part of right abdomen

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2
Q

What is the largest section of the ruminant stomach?

A

Rumen

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3
Q

Which three parts of the ruminant stomach make up the forestomach?

A

Reticulum, rumen, omasum

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4
Q

What four sacs make up the rumen?

A

Dorsal sac, caudodorsal sac, caudoventral sac, ventral sac

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5
Q

How is the reticulum separated from the rumen?

A

The ruminoreticular fold

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6
Q

What is the reticular groove?

A

A channel present in calves, goes from esophagus right to omasum/abomasus and bypasses the reticulum/rumen, formation is stimulated by suckling and CuSO4

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7
Q

How is the rumen divided into sacs?

A

With pillars, cranial/caudal pillar divide rumen into dorsal/ventral sacs

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8
Q

Where is the atrium ruminis?

A

The very first sac of the dorsal rumen, where digesta from reticulum enters the rumen

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9
Q

Which section of the ruminant stomach has a honeycombed surface?

A

Reticulum

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10
Q

Which section of the ruminant stomach has a papillated surface?

A

Rumen

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11
Q

What layers is the ruminant stomach comprised of?

A

Mucosa, two muscle layers (Thick inner layer around long axis, thin outer layer running craniocaudally), serosa

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12
Q

Where is the omasum positioned in comparison to the midline?

A

Slightly to the right of the midline

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13
Q

What is the difference in appearance between the cattle omasum and the sheep/goat omasum?

A

Cattle: More rounded

Sheep/goat: More bean-shaped

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14
Q

Describe the omasum.

A

Has tissue folds with variably-sized papilla, meant to squeeze liquid out of/filter digesta and absorb water

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15
Q

Where does the abomasum lay in the abdomen?

A

On the right abdominal floor

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16
Q

What are the parts of the abomasum?

A

Fundus, body, pylorus

17
Q

What is unique about the abomasum?

A

Glandular, has large mucosal folds, torus narrows pylorus, has a double layer of muscle

18
Q

What are the three types of glands of the abomasum?

A

Cardiac glands, gastric glands, pyloric glands

19
Q

Damage to which branch of the vagal nerve is less serious?

A

Ventral vagal trunk, can have no effects to paralysis of forestomach (Dorsal trunk results in almost entire paralysis of rumen, if both damaged, abomasum can still contract somewhat)

20
Q

Where is the ruminant stomach attached to the body?

A

The dorsal sac of the rumen is attached to the abdominal wall

21
Q

What is the largest chamber of the ruminant stomach at birth?

A

Abomasum

22
Q

How is the duodenum placed in the ruminant body?

A

Rises dorsally from abomasum, descends to pelvis with flexure, then ascending duodenum

23
Q

What does the jejunum look like in the ruminant?

A

Short coils, free margin of common mesentery, position variable depending on gut distension

24
Q

What does the ileum look like in the ruminant?

A

Short, attached to cecum via the ileocecal fold

25
Q

What is the widest part of the ruminant intestine?

A

Cecum

26
Q

Which two species have a spiral colon?

A

Cow (1.5-2 turns) and sheep (3-4 turns)

27
Q

What are the two sides of the spiral colon called?

A

Centripetal (Inner) and centrifugal (Outer)

28
Q

What are the four lobes of the ruminant liver?

A

Left lobe, quadrate lobe, right lobe, caudate lobe

29
Q

How is the ruminant liver suspended in the abdomen?

A

Triangular ligaments, round ligament, lesser omentum, surrounding organs

30
Q

Describe the ruminant pancreas.

A

Attached to the liver, left lobe crosses dorsal to rumen and ventral to liver, right lobe runs with descending duodenal mesentery, cattle: one pancreatic duct that enters duodenum after the bile duct, small ruminants: pancreatic duct enters with bile duct

31
Q

Describe the stomach in the calf as compared to an adult cow.

A

Large abomasum with full glandular function in a few days, small ruminoreticulum and abomasum, fore-stomach walls are thin with papillae

32
Q

How does the calf stomach develop?

A

Solid diet starts to be incorporated around 2-3 weeks, rumen surpasses size of abomasum around 8 weeks, twice the size of abomasum around 12 weeks, development continues with continuous stimulation from forage/fermentation/stretching of stomach, liver starts on midline then moves right as the stomach grows

33
Q

What are the phases of development of the calf?

A

Milk diet: 0-2 or 3 weeks
Mixed diet (Transitional adaption to solid food): 3-8 weeks
Solid diet: 8 weeks, anatomy/physiology of an adult

Anatomy and Physiology (22 decks)

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